70 P. 611 | Or. | 1902
after stating.the facts, delivered the opinion of the court.
It is shown by the testimony that the plaintiff and his predecessors in interest have continuously for about forty years fished for salmon in the waters of Rogue River, within the stretch thereof defined in the complaint, and that their use and occupation thereof have been exclusive of all others, with but slight interruption, until the present controversy arose. Subsequent to plaintiff’s utilization of the fishing grounds, in 1877, he had acquired all the land along the river from its mouth for five miles contiguously, which includes all tide, swamp, and overflowed lands. The bed and consequently the shores of the stream are, by the action of the water, constantly shifting; and by purchases from the state, as relictions appear from time to time, plaintiff has come to possess title to portions of what is now the bed of the stream. This is particularly so at the mouth of the river, where his title reaches from shore to shore. So that plaintiff is not only the owner and in possession of every foot of land abutting upon Rogue River upon either side for a distance of five miles from its mouth, and all tide and overflowed lands adjacent thereto, but in places, especially at the mouth thereof, of the very bed of the stream, so that he is in absolute control of all available landing places for hauling seines and operating the fishery. Plaintiff and Riley & Stewart, his immediate predecessors, kept the stream free from snags, as nearly as was practicable, from Hunt Rock to the mouth; and, while the evidence does not show that Riley & Stewart ever used other than a seine for fishing, the plaintiff has, when the seasons were propitious, employed drift nets, floating them from Hunt Rock to the mouth, and has at times employed set nets. These are the ordinary gill or drift nets
The seines are from 700 to 1,350 feet in length, and in their operation are extended from the margin into the stream, and returned in the form of a loop; thus inclosing certain space in the water, and ensnaring such fish as may be found therein. The sweep of the seine is referred to as comprising such space as is covered in its operation. At the mouth of the river the sweep often extends the full width of the channel, depending upon the state of the tide. At the eddies adjacent to the north and south spits, just above the mouth, it extends perhaps halfway across, and at the upper hauling grounds, especially at the island, two thirds of the way; and whenever utilized the seine extends beyond the shore line, and into the bed of the stream. The defendants used drift nets, employing them, as occasion suggested, as seines. AVith these they drifted from Hunt Rock down, anchored set nets in different places in the stream, and operated at the mouth thereof, so that it was impossible for plaintiff to properly operate his nets and seines in the usual manner. The hindrance came from the liability of bringing the nets and seines of the plaintiff in contact with those of the defendants. -The defendants cut one of plaintiff’s seines, and by threats and violence drove his men away, and continued for some time thereafter to occupy the stream in fishing; thus hindering and denying the plaintiff free access to the fishery.
In the light of these conditions, the trial court made its findings and entered its decree in favor of the plaintiff as above noted. The defendants have made no appearance whatever in this court, while the plaintiff’s contention, as stated in his opening brief, is that he has the exclusive right to catch salmon with seines and nets by reason (1) of a prescriptive right in himself and his predecessors and grantors, acquired through the usages and customs of this state, and particularly through the local usages or local fishing customs of Curry County; (2) of legislative enactments of this state; and (3) of the grant of tide lands thereby to plaintiff and his predecessors.
In pursuance of and by authority of the acts of the legislature of this state adopted in 1872, as amended by the acts of 1874, 1876, and 1878, relative to the tide or overflowed lands, the plaintiff and his predecessors acquired the tide lands at the mouth and along the margin of Rogue River. In 1899 the legislature passed another act applicable to said river and certain of its tributaries, whereby the owner or owners of tide lands and riparian owners above tide waters are granted the exclusive right and privilege of fishing for salmon with seines and nets, and hauling and landing the same on such lands, and prohibiting any person or persons whomsoever from anchoring nets or placing any obstruction in the water fronting said tide lands, in any place or places where the same are used for hauling or landing seines. By supplemental complaint, filed August 11, 1899, this latter act was especially assigned as one of the grounds upon which the plaintiff was entitled to maintain his suit for an injunction. The question arises at once and necessarily whether the plaintiff has not obtained by the decree of the trial court all that he demanded, and, if without a grievance, whether he has the right of appeal. The trial court reduced its opinion to writing, and the ground upon which it based the decree is therefore readily ascertainable. The court
Counsel have made no contention here that the decree was not broad enough in its scope, but have insisted that the court should base its conclusions upon a prescriptive right, and not alone upon the statute; but, if the-plaintiff has obtained a decree for what he asks or is entitled to, it can make no difference by what course of reasoning the court arrived at the result. His grievance must arise from a decree affecting a substantial interest, and this, it seems to us, cannot be so characterized. We are aware that it is unusual for the court to raise such a question sua sponte, but there is no appearance here for the defendants, — they presuming, as we suppose, that plaintiff could obtain no greater relief than that which was granted by the trial court; and we cannot be expected to examine legal questions of great moment unless there is some grievance to relieve against. The appeal must therefore be dismissed.
Dismissed.