194 S.W. 133 | Tex. | 1917
This suit was instituted in the District Court of Clay County, Texas, by Mrs. Clara T. Carey, defendant in error, against J.L. Huggins, plaintiff in error, to recover damages from the latter for an alleged breach of a marriage contract. The trial, which was by a jury, resulted *360
in a verdict in Mrs. Carey's favor. Huggins appealed to the Court of Civil Appeals for the Second District, where the judgment of the District Court was affirmed.
The defendant in error, Mrs. Carey, at the time she alleges to have consented to marry Huggins, was a widow, twenty-eight years of age. Huggins was a bachelor, fifty-nine years of age. She was then residing in Fort Worth, Texas. He was residing in Clay County, Texas, on his ranch, and is shown to have been a man of considerable means. She alleges that she met Huggins on the 13th day of March, 1906, and became engaged on the 25th day of December, 1906, to marry him; that on or about the first day of September, 1907, he asked her to permit him to have carnal intercourse with her, renewing his promise of marriage; that she, relying upon his promise of marriage, assented, and on said date they did have sexual intercourse, and continued such course of carnal intercourse at different times under said promise of marriage until about March 15, 1908, when she became pregnant with child by Huggins, of which she informed him, and later, on or about the 10th day of December, 1908, she gave birth to a girl child. The trial was had on May 15, 1911, at which date the child was about two and one-half years old, according to her statement. She alleged that subsequent to the birth of the child, on each of his visits to her, they continued such illicit intercourse until about the first day of January, 1911, Huggins all the time assuring her that he intended to carry out his promise of marriage, and she relying upon such promise; that on or about the first day of January, 1911, Huggins, for the first time told her that he would not marry her, and would not fulfill his promise so to do; that by reason of the breach of his promise she suffered the loss of an advantageous marriage, Huggins being a man of great wealth and high social position, and that in addition thereto her love and affections had been disregarded and blighted, and her feelings had been lacerated, and her spirit greatly wounded, and she had suffered great distress, worry and humiliation; that she was greatly in love with Huggins, and anxious to marry him, and that in addition to the loss of an advantageous marriage, and the injury she sustained from distress and mortification, and as a result of said intercourse, and the birth of a girl child, she had been put to the expense since its birth, of supporting and maintaining it, with the exception of the sum of $25 per month paid by Huggins for about twelve months after its birth, and that she will be compelled in the future to incur the expense of maintaining and educating said child, and that when it becomes known, if it does, that she is the mother of an illegitimate child, this fact will *361 destroy her social standing among her associates and friends, and will cause them to look upon her with shame and disgrace, which will follow her through the remainder of her life. She prayed for actual damages in the sum of $40,000, and for special damages in the sum of $25,000.
The plaintiff in error, Huggins, answered her petition by a number of exceptions and demurrers. He also denied specially that he had promised plaintiff to marry her, or that he had said anything which could be construed into a promise of marriage; alleged that he paid her valuable considerations for all intercourse he had with her, towit: about $6000; that he furnished her money at various times, and paid her well for all that he got; he denied that any child was born that belonged to him, although he admitted that he furnished plaintiff with money to keep up a supposed child which plaintiff said she had given birth to at some place in California; that if plaintiff ever had a child "she had it of her own volition, and that he was not the father of same and had nothing to do with it"; that at the time he met the defendant in error he had gone to a rooming house in the City of Fort Worth, for the purpose of securing a room; that he was there introduced to and met her; that at said meeting there were no improper relations between them, but that their acquaintance became intimate, and that about seven or eight months later he did have intercourse with her at a rooming house or hotel in the City of Fort Worth, Texas; that prior to having intercourse with her he loaned her the sum of $3000 in cash, and that she voluntarily suggested and submitted to defendant her person, and declined to return or account for any of said money; that thereafter, on various occasions, he did have carnal intercourse with her, and on two different occasions he did pay her the sum of $500 at each time, and afterwards did send and give her various sums of money, in all amounting to $6000 or $7000; that she never at any time made any demand upon him to marry her until more than a year after he had ceased sending her any money, and had ceased paying her any attention; that he did not promise to marry her, and never intended so to do, and the first that he knew that she claimed any promise of marriage to have been made was more than a year after he had ceased giving her money, and paying her any attention, and after she had made repeated demands upon him for money, and after he had refused such demands; that she is a woman about thirty-five years of age; had roomed and boarded for many years at various boarding houses and hotels in the City of Fort Worth, Texas; that she had previously been married, and that she was a "grass-widow" at the time he met her.
The court charged the jury on the measure of damages, as follows:
"The measure of damages in this case is compensation to the plaintiff for the breach of the promise to marry her, which includes all damages sustained by her on account of injury to her feelings, affection and wounded pride, as well as the loss of the marriage of the defendant. And, if you further believe from the evidence that by reason of such promise to marry her, if such was made by the defendant, he seduced *362 her and begot her with child, and that child was born of said seduction, then, you may add to such sum such other and further damages as in your sound discretion you believe she has sustained by reason of such seduction and by reason of the disgrace and humiliation which she has thereby sustained, if any."
This charge is assailed by the plaintiff in error upon the ground that it authorizes the jury to assess double damages against him. We think the contention must be sustained. The first paragraph of this charge directs the jury to find compensation in favor of the plaintiff in a sum which includes "all damages sustained by her on account of injury to her feelings, affection and wounded pride, as well as the loss of the marriage." This is clearly broad enough to authorize the recovery of damages for the seduction, and injury to her feelings, affection and wounded pride resulting from the seduction, as well as resulting from the breach of the promise of marriage. The second paragraph authorizes the jury to assess, in addition thereto, such other and further damages as in their discretion they might believe she had sustained by reason of the seduction, if any, and by reason of the disgrace and humiliation which she thereby sustained, which, we think, in effect, were embraced in the first paragraph of the charge, and being in addition thereto, clearly authorized a double recovery. It was proper to allow the jury, in assessing the damages, to take into account, if they should find there was a breach of promise to marry, the fact of seduction, though it is not permissible to allow damages for seduction alone. Daggett v. Wallace,
"We, the jury, find for the plaintiff, and assess her actual damages at thirty-five thousand dollars ($35,000) and special damages at the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000)."
We see nothing in the verdict to indicate a segregation of the damages arising from seduction from the other damages found by the jury. So far as the verdict itself shows, when construed in connection with the charge of the court, there appears no segregation by the jury of any of the items of damage from any of the other items found. So far as appears from the verdict, in connection with the charge of the court, the finding of $35,000 actual damages, and the finding of $10,000 special damages, each embraces double damages. If so, to remit the *363 $10,000 finding would not cure the error, but would still leave a double recovery in the $35,000 finding. If the charge of the court had directed the jury to separate the damages resulting from the breach of promise and from the injury to her feelings resulting therefrom, from the damages which resulted from the seduction and the injury to her feelings resulting therefrom, calling one actual damages and the other special damages, then the verdict of the jury in its form, might with reasonable clearness reflect such separation, and a remittitur in such a case would probably cure the error, since it would be presumed that the jury obeyed the instruction of the court, and separated the items of damage as directed. But the charge does not undertake to require such separation. Why a separation was made by the jury, or what rule, if any, they followed in making it does not appear. It is true that the defendant in error, in her petition, alleged that she had been damaged in the sum of $40,000 actual damages, and $25,000 special damages, and prayed for such judgment. We can not conclude from this that the jury, when dividing the amount of damages assessed into two different lump sums, disobeyed the instruction of the court and refused to allow a double recovery as required by such charge. We, therefore, think the remittitur of $10,000 did not, with any degree of certainty, cure the injury caused by the charge in authorizing a double recovery of damages. This error in the charge requires a reversal of the judgment which was rendered against the plaintiff in error.
We also think a new trial should have been ordered by the trial court on account of the newly discovered evidence stated in connection with the motion for a new trial. The proposed evidence has a tendency to prove that Mrs. Carey did not in fact give birth to a child. It was proposed to prove that no nurse, or physician of the names given by Mrs. Carey on the witness stand, lived or had lived in the City of Los Angeles, in the vicinity fixed by her as being the place of the alleged birth. Also that no such physician was practicing in Los Angeles, and that no birth of the child was shown by the record of births in said city. It is true that this evidence partakes of the nature of impeaching evidence, but it is also original evidence tending to show that Mrs. Carey had not given birth to a child at all. She tendered by her evidence the issue as to birth, fixing the time and place, and names of the nurse and the physician who attended her. The proposed evidence was clearly in rebuttal of the issue she had tendered, and the fact that it was also impeaching evidence, would not render it insufficient to require a new trial. It must, of course, be, and is the settled rule that a new trial should not be granted to secure evidence whose only effect would be to impeach a witness. However, it must be admitted to be also well settled that though the newly discovered evidence impeaches and contradicts, this fact will be untenable as an objection to the proposed evidence, as to granting a new trial in order to secure it, where it tends to prove facts material to one of the issues in the case. Houston T.C. Ry. Co. v. Forsyth,
Reversed and remanded.