170 P. 100 | Idaho | 1918
Lead Opinion
This is an action on certain promissory notes. It is unnecessary to recite the pleadings; such portions as are material will be referred to in the course of the opinion.
On August 7, 1913, one Heumann made and delivered to appellant 39 promissory notes for $35 each and one for $56, maturing consecutively at the end of each week thereafter, the last note falling due on May 11, 1914. The notes bore interest at the rate of eight per cent per annum. To secure the same a. chattel mortgage was given on certain personal property used in connection with the City Bakery in Coeur d’Alene. Thirty-two of the notes were paid and on or about September 14, 1914, appellant sold the remaining notes to respondent, indorsing them in blank, and assigned the mortgage. On October Í9, 1914, Heumann was adjudged a bankrupt; the bankruptcy court rejected the property described in the mortgage as being fully covered by the same and as not of sufficient value to leave any equity therein in favor of the bankrupt’s estate. On December 9, 1914, respondent having made a proper affidavit, notice of sale was given by one Keller, constable for Coeur d’Alene precinct, the sale to take place on December 15, 1914, at which time all of the property which could be found and which possessed any value whatever was sold for the sum of $197, the costs of this sale, in the sum of $10.50, were deducted and the balance of $186.50 was applied upon the notes. On July 12, 1915, respondent commenced this action against appellant to recover the' sum of $154.55, the balance then due
The specifications of error are somewhat lengthy but it will be unnecessary to consider them in detail. The material points sought to be raised by appellant are that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action and in particular as to attorney fees, “for the reason that see. 3414 of the Revised Codes of Idaho, as amended by 1909 Session Laws, page 149, provides that before attorney’s fees can be recovered in the foreclosure of a chattel mortgage, an affidavit signed by the mortgagee must be presented to the mortgagor with a demand that the property be turned over or the claim paid”; that an extension of time was granted by respondent to Heumann without the knowledge or consent of appellant, and in this connection that there is no evidence to show that Oscar Nelson, Fred Nelson or Edith Carlson were agents of appellant or made any arrangement with respondent to grant the extension of time, and that therefore appellant, as indorser, is released from liability on the notes; and that no notice of demand and nonpayment was given to appellant.
Attention has been called to the decision of this court in Tappin v. McCabe, 27 Ida. 402, 149 Pac. 460, construing sec. 3413, Rev. Codes, as amended by Session Laws 1909, page 149, wherein it was held that: “An action cannot be maintained against an officer for his neglect or refusal to take into his possession, upon an affidavit and notice, personal property under a chattel mortgage, unless it is alleged in the complaint and proven upon the trial that the mortgagee has exhausted his statutory remedy, if he elects to avail himself of such statutory remedy, wherein it is expressly provided that he is required, under an affidavit, to demand the possession of the chattels covered by the chattel mortgage
It will be readily seen, however, that the latter case is not in point here. Appellant is relying not upon sec. 3413, supra, but upon sec. 3414, and that said section, as amended, contains the following proviso: ‘‘Provided, however, That if the mortgagor cannot be found within the county wherein the mortgage is being foreclosed, the general notice of sale directed in the next section is sufficient service upon the mortgagor of both said affidavit and notice.” The next section therein referred to is sec. 3415, Eev. Codes, amended at the same Session, page 150, to read as follows: “Sec. 3415. The person or officer having such affidavit must take the property into Ms possession and give notice of sale in the same manner and for the same length of time as is required in the ease of the sale of like property on execution, and the sale must be conducted in the same manner.” It is apparent from a reading of these two sections that it was not the intention of the legislature to require the mortgagee to make a demand upon the mortgagor to turn over the property peaceably before placing his affidavit in the hands of the proper officer “if the mortgagor cannot be found within the county wherein the mortgage is being foreclosed.”
Furthermore, Tappin v. McCabe, supra, does not hold that a sale actually conducted by a sheriff or constable in the absence of a demand or an attempt to take possession of the property peaceably by the mortgagee would be invalid. The question before this court in the McCabe ease was: Can the sheriff be held liable in damages for Ms refusal and neglect to foreclose by notice and sale where no demand has been made by the mortgagee and there has been no attempt by him to take possession of the property peaceably? It was held that under such circumstances the sheriff was not liable.
As to the contention that respondent granted H'eumann an extension of time without the knowledge or consent of appellant, it is only necessary to say, and this in answer to
We come now to appellant’s contention that no notice of demand and nonpayment was given to him. It is not quite
“Sec. 3561. Where the person giving and the person to receive notice reside in different places, the notice must be given within the following times: First, if sent by mail, it must be deposited in the postoffice in time to go by mail the day following the day of dishonor, or if there be no mail at a convenient, hour on that day, the next mail thereafter; .... ”
“Sec. 3562. Where notice of dishonor is duly addressed and deposited in the postoffice, the sender is deemed to have given due notice, notwithstanding any miscarriage in the mails. ’ ’
The language of these sections is so plain that any attempt to elucidate it is uncalled for. Under the evidence respondent clearly complied with the requirements of the statute, and it is immaterial whether appellant ever received the notice or not. This contention of appellant is so lacking in merit as to present no debatable question.
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting. — The author of the foregoing opinion seems to have proceeded upon the erroneous theory that see. 3413, Bev. Codes, as amended, permits a mortgagee to take possession of mortgaged personal property, for the purpose of foreclosure, only in case the mortgagor can be found within the county wherein the mortgage is sought to be foreclosed. The language of the section certainly does not suggest such a construction, nor can it be justified by anything to be found in the other sections referred to.
Let us see where the theory, upon which the opinion is based, will lead us if we follow it: The provisions quoted from secs. 3414 and 3415, as amended, apply with equal force to a sheriff or constable as to any other person authorized by affidavit to take possession of the property. We have held in Tappin v. McCabe, 27 Ida. 402, 149 Pac. 460, that an officer can only be required to act in a proceeding of this kind in the event the property cannot be taken peaceably by the mortgagee. He is governed by the provisions of sees. 3414 and 3415 the same as is any other person seeking to proceed under authority of an affidavit of foreclosure, and if, as held in the foregoing opinion, a private individual cannot take the property without finding the mortgagor in the county wherein it is situated, these provisions would prohibit an officer from taking it under the same circumstances. It is clear that if the statutory provision above referred to prohibits a private individual from acting in the premises, an officer is also prohibited, and we have reached the remarkable conclusion that, in Idaho, a chattel mortgage cannot be foreclosed by notice and sale unless the mortgagor and the mortgaged property can be found in the same county at the same time. The law will not bear that construction, and we should not attempt to read such a provision into it.
In Tappin v. McCabe, supra, we held, in effect, that the amendment to sec. 3413 was enacted for the benefit of the
It does not appear that an effort was made to conform to the statute in this ease, nor that respondent would have met with any difficulty in securing peaceable possession of the property had he attempted to do so.
I am of the opinion that respondent, having failed to prop-' erly pursue his statutory remedy against the mortgaged property, which was primarily liable for the payment of the debt, cannot maintain this action against the indorser of the notes, and that the judgment should be reversed.
Concurrence Opinion
Concurring. — I concur in the conclusion reached that the judgment should be affirmed. As I view it, Rev. Codes, sec. 3413, as amended 1909 Sess. Laws, p. 149, enlarges the remedy of the mortgagee by giving him the power to foreclose without requiring the services of an officer if possession of the property can be obtained peaceably. I do not think it deprives him of the right to require the proper officer to foreclose the mortgage in any ease if he desires the services of such officer. I do not think an officer could-justify .a refusal to proceed with the foreclosure of a chattel mortgage on the grounds that the mortgagee had not previously demanded possession of the property from the mortgagor or had not been denied peaceable possession thereof. If the case of Tappin v. McCabe, 27 Ida. 402, 149 Pac. 460, was intended to so construe the statute, I think it should be overruled on that point.