HUBBARD, Appellee, v. CLEVELAND METROPOLITAN SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF EDUCATION, Appellant.
No. 96676
Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga County
Decided Oct. 20, 2011
195 Ohio App.3d 708, 2011-Ohio-5398
Donald R. Murphy, for appellee.
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, Judge.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, the Cleveland Metropolitan School District Board of Education (“the board“), appeals the trial court‘s denial of its motion for summary judgment. Finding merit to the appeal, we reverse and remand.
{¶ 2} This appeal arises from a lawsuit filed in 2009 by plaintiff-appellee, Laticia Hubbard, against the board, alleging numerous causes of action, including a claim for defamation. The board moved for summary judgment, arguing that it is immune from intentional-tort claims under
{¶ 3} It is from this order that the board now appeals, raising one assignment of error in which it argues that the trial court erred by denying its motion for summary judgment because it is immune from intentional-tort claims under
Standard of Review
{¶ 4} Appellate review of summary judgment is de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co. (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241. The Ohio Supreme Court stated the appropriate test in Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club (1998), 82 Ohio St.3d 367, 369-370, 696 N.E.2d 201, as follows:
Pursuant to
Civ.R. 56 , summary judgment is appropriate when (1) there is no genuine issue of material fact, (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party, said party being entitled to have the evidence construed most strongly in his favor. Horton v. Harwick Chem. Corp. (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 679, 653 N.E.2d 1196, paragraph three of the syllabus. The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled tojudgment as a matter of law. Dresher v. Burt (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293, 662 N.E.2d 264.
{¶ 5} Once the moving party satisfies its burden, the nonmoving party “may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of the party‘s pleadings, but the party‘s response, by affidavit or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.”
Political Subdivision Immunity
{¶ 6} The Political Subdivision Tort Liability Act, codified in
{¶ 7} “The second tier of the analysis requires a court to determine whether any of the five exceptions to immunity listed in
{¶ 8} “If any of the exceptions to immunity in
{¶ 9} Because the board is a political subdivision as defined by
Exceptions to Political Subdivision Immunity
{¶ 10} Under the second tier of the analysis, the board argues that defamation is an intentional tort that does not fall under any of the exceptions and, therefore, the board is immune. The board relies on Coleman v. Cleveland School Dist. Bd. of Edn., Cuyahoga App. Nos. 84272 and 84505, 2004-Ohio-5854, 2004 WL 2491662, in which this court held that the school board was entitled to statutory immunity from a teacher‘s defamation claim because it constituted an intentional tort.
{¶ 11} In Price v. Austintown Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 178 Ohio App.3d 256, 2008-Ohio-4514, 897 N.E.2d 700, the Seventh District Court of Appeals found that the tort of defamation could either be negligent or intentional, depending on the context. This court need not consider whether the alleged defamation is an intentional tort, nor the impact on the board‘s governmental immunity,2 because even if we assume arguendo that Hubbard‘s claim is one of negligence, her cause of action still fails as a matter of law.
{¶ 12} The exceptions to governmental immunity are enumerated in
[A] political subdivision is liable in damages in a civil action for injury, death, or loss to person or property allegedly caused by an act or omission of the political subdivision or of any of its employees in connection with a governmental or proprietary function, as follows:
(1) * * * [P]olitical subdivisions are liable for injury, death, or loss to person or property caused by the negligent operation of any motor vehicle * * *.
(2) * * * [P]olitical subdivisions are liable for injury, death, or loss to person or property caused by the negligent performance of acts by their employees with respect to proprietary functions of the political subdivisions.
(3) * * * [P]olitical subdivisions are liable for injury, death, or loss to person or property caused by their negligent failure to keep public roads in repair and other negligent failure to remove obstructions from public roads * * *.
(4) * * * [P]olitical subdivisions are liable for injury, death, or loss to person or property that is caused by the negligence of their employees and that occurs within or on the grounds of, and is due to physical defects within or on the grounds of, buildings that are used in connection with the performance of a governmental function * * *.
(5) * * * [P]olitical subdivision is liable for injury, death, or loss to person or property when civil liability is expressly imposed upon the political subdivision * * *.
{¶ 13} Hubbard argues that her claim falls within the
(1) “Proprietary function” means a function of a political subdivision that is specified in division (G)(2) of this section or that satisfies both of the following:
(a) The function is not one described in division (C)(1)(a) or (b) of this section and is not one specified in division (C)(2) of this section;
(b) The function is one that promotes or preserves the public peace, health, safety, or welfare and that involves activities that are customarily engaged in by nongovernmental persons.
(2) A “proprietary function” includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(a) The operation of a hospital by one or more political subdivisions;
(b) The design, construction, reconstruction, renovation, repair, maintenance, and operation of a public cemetery other than a township cemetery;
(c) The establishment, maintenance, and operation of a utility, including, but not limited to, a light, gas, power, or heat plant, a railroad, a busline or other transit company, an airport, and a municipal corporation water supply system;
(d) The maintenance, destruction, operation, and upkeep of a sewer system;
(e) The operation and control of a public stadium, auditorium, civic or social center, exhibition hall, arts and crafts center, band or orchestra, or off-street parking facility.
{¶ 15} Although Hubbard maintains that her claim was based on negligent acts of a board employee while engaged in a proprietary function of the subdivision, her actual defamation claim is premised on facts that illustrate that the board employee was engaged in a governmental function at the time of the incident. The parties do not dispute that the alleged slanderous remarks were made by a school-board employee, while on school grounds, during a school function. The act of providing a public education is specifically defined by
{¶ 16} It follows that this employee acted in the course of a governmental function at the time of the alleged incident. “[W]ith respect to governmental functions, political subdivisions retain their cloak of immunity from lawsuits stemming from employees’ negligent or reckless acts.” Wilson v. Stark Cty. Dept. of Human Servs. (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 450, 639 N.E.2d 105. Hubbard has not supported her argument that the circumstances constitute a proprietary function with any case law or additional facts.
{¶ 17} Thus, as was the case in Price, 178 Ohio App.3d 256, 2008-Ohio-4514, 897 N.E.2d 700, Hubbard‘s claim involves a board employee engaged in a
{¶ 18} Accordingly, the sole assignment of error is sustained.
{¶ 19} The judgment is reversed, and the matter is remanded with instructions for the trial court to enter summary judgment in favor of the board on the defamation claim.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
STEWART, P.J., and GALLAGHER, J., concur.