25 Kan. 665 | Kan. | 1881
This was an action brought by Horace Eaymond against Edward Hoye, E. C. Chase, W. S. Hall and J. D. Blair, for damages and wrongs alleged to have been committed by J'. D. Blair. Hoye was a constable of Hiawatha township, Brown county, Kansas; Chase and Hall were the suréties on his official bond, and Blair was his deputy; and the wrongs alleged to have been committed were as follows:
An execution was issued by a justice of the peace of said Hiawatha township, in favor of Hart & Norton and against Levi Eemick, and placed in the hands of Blair for service, who, instead of levying upon the property of Eemick, levied upon a portable steam engine belonging to Eaymond. Blair advertised the property, and sold it at constable’s sale to Fred. Eohe, who sold the same to C. H. Orth. Afterward Eaymond brought an action against Orth, and recovered a judgment for the value of the engine; but not being able to collect the judgment, he then commenced this action for damages against the constable, Hoye, his sureties, Chase and Hall, and his deputy, Blair. He set forth all the facts of his case in one count in his petition. The defendants severally moved the court to require the plaintiff to separately state and number the several causes,of action stated in his petition; and also demurred to the petition upon the grounds, among others, that several persons were improperly joined as defendants in the action, and that several causes of action were improperly joined in the petition. The court below overruled all of these motions and demurrers, to which rulings the defendants severally excepted. Whether these rulings were correct, or not, are the first questions presented to this court. The principal question, we think, is whether several causes of action were improperly joined. We think the constable and bis deputy might properly be joined in one action for the wrong committed by the deputy. And this is upon the doctrine of principal and agent. The deputy is the agent of the
Now the deputy constable is not affected by the action on the constable’s bond. He has nothing to do with the bond. He committed no breach of any obligation created by the bond, and the action thereon does not extend to him; while the sureties are not affected by the tort of the deputy constable as a tort — that is, the tort in the abstract does not affect them — :and an action merely for the tort cannot be maintained against them. They are liable only for a breach of the obligation of their bond. The constable, it is true, is affected by both causes of action; he is liable for the deputy constable’s tort, and also liable for a breach of the obligation of his bond. But his liability on the bond does not render his deputy liable thereon; nor does his liability for the tort render his sureties liable for the tort. Suppose, for instance, that for some reason the constable had not been made a party to the suit; or, suppose that for some reason service of summons had not been made upon him: then could the plaintiff proceed against the deputy constable and one of the sureties only, and this in the same action, and where both causes of action are stated in one count only of the plaintiff’s petition? 'We think not. The authorities which we have cited sustain the view that we have taken in this case, and we know of no authorities promulgating a different doctrine.
With this view of the case the judgment of the court below must be reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings, whatever might be our decision upon the other questions raised in the case. We might say, however, that we are inclined to think that the court below did not commit any other substantial error; but we do not wish to expressly decide this, as it is unnecessary to do so now, and the other questions may never again be raised in the case. When the case is tried again the facts may be shown to be entirely different from what they were shown to be on the first trial of the case; and the plaintiffs in error claim that they will be shown to be entirely different.