Howe v. Chmielinski
130 N.E. 56
Mass.
1921
Check Treatment
Braley, J.

The findings of fact by the presiding judge being *534amply supported by the evidence, we take up the questions of law in the order of presentation.

It is contendеd that, while the plaintiff and his associate shareholders under the provisions of the voluntary trust agreement may have bеen partners as to third parties, they did not as between themselves ‍​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‍sustain this relation, and that in the transactions relating to the sale of the property as disclosed by the record, he was free to enrich himself at their expense. But, as was said in Williams v. Milton, 215 Mass. 1, 6, “Where persons associated themselves together to carry on business for their . mutual profit, they are none the less partners because . . . their shares in the partnership are represented by certificates which are transferable and transmissible, and because ... as a matter of convenience (if not of necessity in case of transferable and transmissible certificates) the legal title to the partnership property is taken in the namе of a third person. The person in whose name the partnership property stands in such a case is perhaps in a sense a trustee. But speaking with accuracy he is an agent who for the principal’s convenience holds the legal title to the principal’s property.” The eighth and twelfth articles of the trust agreement in question read as follows:

“At any meeting shareholders may vote by proxy, and three-fourths in value of said shareholders may at any meeting fill аny vacancy existing in the number of the trustees, may depose any or all of the trustees, and elect others in their places, may direct the sale of the property held ‍​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‍by the trustees, or any of it, and may change, alter, or terminate the trusts herein set forth, or substitute a new trust in place thereof. A vote or agreement in writing of three-fourths in interest of said shareholders shall be binding on all the shareholders, and on the trustees.”
“That a majority in interest, representing three-fourths of the total value of the shares, may, as provided in the eighth article hereof, direct the sale of the trust property, and upon such sale and the distribution among the shareholders of the proceeds of such sale in proportion to their respective interests the trusts hereof shall be deemed to be terminated and the trustees discharged from further liability hereunder.”

The trustees accordingly were managing agents subject to the control ‍​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‍of the shareholders, and the judge correctly ruled that *535instead of a pure trust, a partnership existed for the purpose of carrying on business fоr their mutual benefit although the legal title to the property stood in the name of the trustees. Frost v. Thompson, 219 Mass. 360. Dana v. Treasurer & Receiver General, 227 Mass. 562, 566-568. Priestley v. Treasurer & Receiver General. 230 Mass. 452. Horgan v. Morgan, 233 Mass. 381. McMurtrie v. Guiler, 183 Mass. 451, 453. The defendant and the plaintiff acting independently were in the market seeking to buy the property at the lowest price, when the plaintiff uрon being informed of the defendant’s efforts entered into an agreement with him whereby it was stipulated that neither would interfеre with the other in the negotiations, but if either purchased the property the transaction should be treated as mаde for their joint account and benefit. While the judge finds that one of the trustees knew that the plaintiff and the defendant wеre interested, he had no knowledge of the agreement, and did not suspect that the plaintiff was seeking to purchase, but supposed they were acting together in buying stock, and that the defendant was the only purchaser known to the trustees. It appears however that, prior to this agreement, the plaintiff, actuated by the belief that it would be for his advantage to acquire a substantial number of shares so that he could obtain the property on more favorable terms, had taken options therefor to quite an extent, ‍​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‍and the agreement also stipulated, that he should secure additional shares for the same general purpose, and ultimately they were to participate equally not only in the profits derived from the purchase and salé of the real property, but also of the shares. The totаl number was nine thousand three hundred and fifty, and “ three-fourths in value of said shareholders may at any meeting . . . direct the sale óf the property held by the trustees.” And after the defendant with the plaintiff’s knowledge had made two offers which were not aсcepted, and the plaintiff had increased his holdings to about two thousand three hundred shares, the defendant who meаnwhile had continued to negotiate with the trustees made a third offer which was accepted at a duly called mеeting of the shareholders. The plaintiff attended this meeting and without disclosing either to the trustees or to other sharehоlders his private interest, or his contract with the defendant to whom the property was to be sold and conveyed, voted his holdings for the *536sale and transfer which by the anticipated rise in value resulted in a large profit. The unequivocal аnd uncontradicted evidence of the plaintiff is, that he advocated and urged the sale, and acted throughout in thе interest of the defendant, and did not deem it his duty to inform the trustees or other shareholders that in fact although not in form he was one of the purchasers, but intentionally stated at the meeting that the defendant was the salé purchaser. It is unnecеssary to comment on his conduct. The plaintiff and his fellow shareholders sustained to each other a: fiduciary relаtion, a deliberate violation of which to their loss, and his individual gain, will not be sanctioned. Arnold v. Maxwell, 223 Mass. 47, and cases cited. Erlanger v. New Sombrero Phosphate Co. 3 App. Cas. 1218, 1244. A plaintiff who has engаged in inequitable conduct having an immediate and necessary relation to the matter for which he. seeks relief will not be aided ‍​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‍by a court of equity, and it is wholly immaterial in the case at bar that the defendant, also an undisclosed pаrticipant, has not been harmed but generally benefited. Lawton v. Estes, 167 Mass. 181. Snow v. Blount, 182 Mass. 489. Downey v. Charles S. Gove Co. 201 Mass. 251, 252. Wilson v. Jackson, 204 Mass. 432, 446. Lovejoy v. Bailey, 214 Mass. 134, 155. Manufacturers National Bank v. Simon Manuf. Co. 233 Mass. 85, 89, 90. Selz v. Unna, 6 Wall. 327. Beekman v. Marsters, 195 Mass. 205, relied on by the plaintiff, is plainly distinguishable.

The exceptions to the admission of evidence not having been argued need not be considered, and, finding no ground for reversal, the decree dismissing the bill should be affirmed with costs.

Ordered accordingly.