90 W. Va. 245 | W. Va. | 1922
The petitioners applied to the circuit court of Cabell County for a writ of mandamus to require the city of Huntington to issue thém a license to conduct a restaurant at No. 840 Fourth Avenue in said city. An alternative writ was issued and the respondent’s demurrer thereto was sustained. Thereupon an amended petition was filed and an alternative
As the alternative writ issued on the original petition has been disposed of and that writ has been abandoned, we do not deem it necessary to discuss the sufficiency thereof, but will confine our review to the questions arising upon demurrer to the writ issued on the amended petition.
The second writ shows that the petitioners are citizens, taxpayers and property owners in Cabell county, and are now and have been for many years past engaged in the confectionery business under the firm name of Huntington Candy Company at No. 840 Fourth Avenue in the city of Huntington; that in the conduct of their business they make candy and sell at retail candy, soda-water, soft drinks, ice-cream and light lunches, and that by reason of the fact that they sell sandwiches or light lunches, they have been advised and believe it is necessary for them to take out a license for a restaurant.
That for the tax year 1920-21 they obtained such state licenses and carried on such kinds of business at the place named during that period.
In July, 1921, they obtained from the State Tax Commissioner licenses to conduct a restaurant and also to sell soft drinks. In June, 1921, they applied to the Board of Commissioners of the city of Huntington for license to conduct a restaurant and to sell soft drinks at the same place, and offered to execute such bond provided for by statute as might be required by the Board. On July 5, 1921, the Board granted petitioners a license to sell soft drinks, but without any notice to petitioners or without assigning any cause, refused them a license to conduct a restaurant at this place of business, the only notation appearing on the records of their meeting being “refused for good cause,” and though peth tioners have repeatedly tried to ascertain such cause, all their efforts have been fruitless.
The writ further shows that competition in the business of retail confectioner in the city of Huntington is sharp and par
That the refusal to grant petitioners a license to conduct a restaurant was arbitrary and without just cause; that the Board of Commissioners of the city claim the right to refuse such license to petitioners under section 6 of the city charter, defining the powers of said Board, which gives the Board “the sole and exclusive right to grant, refuse or revoke any and all licenses for the carrying on of any business within said city, on which the state exacts a license tax”; that said city has adopted certain ordinances respecting the granting of licenses; we quote the only ones deemed pertinent on this inquiry, namely:
Section 102. “Every license issued as aforesaid, if it be to authorize the keeping of a hotel or tavern, eating house or restaurant, or bowling alley, billiard table or bagatelle, or any table of like kind, taxi-cab or any place of like kind, shall specify the house in which it is to be kept or carried on; and to keep or carry on the same at a different place shall be deemed a violation of this ordinance. Other licenses shall be deemed co-extensive with the city.”
Section 103. “A license mentioned in section one of this ordinance shall be issued only when authorized by- the Board of Commissioners of the city of Huntington, except as herein otherwise provided.”
Section 117. “When a license is necessary to be had for doing anything within the corporate limits of said city, and no other mode is prescribed for obtaining the same, the person wishing to obtain such license shall make application to the City Clerk therefor, who shall give such applicant a cer- • tificate to the treasurer of said city, specifying the amount of money to be paid, and the person or persons named therein, shall pay to the said city treasurer the said sum of
It also appears from said writ that no other ordinances respecting the granting or refusing of licenses have been passed.
It is averred in the writ that to deny petitioners such license without a hearing, and without assigning any cause, is an arbitrary and unlawful and unjustifiable exercise of power and is an illegal discrimination against petitioners and in direct violation of section 1 of the Bill of Rights of the State Constitution, and of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
It will be observed that section 102 of the city ordinances above quoted is the only ordinance, if it can be called an ordinance, that provides for granting a license to conduct a restaurant. The only qualification therein required is that it shall specify the house in which the business is to be carried on. While this is enacted by the city as an ordinance, it may well be doubted whether in a proper sense it is an ordinance at all. An ordinance is a local law of a municipal corporation, duly enacted by- the proper authorities, prescribing general, uniform and permanent rules of conduct relating to the corporate affairs of the municipality. McQuillan, Municipal Corporations, Sec. 634. This so-called ordinance is general and uniform in its terms, and so far as the letter is concerned, operates on all alike. It prescribes but one rule,— the house where the restaurant is to be conducted must be specified. No qualifications as to the character of the applicant, kind of building, or rules for the conduct of the business are specified. It matters not whether the applicants desire to sell light lunches in connection with their confectionery, to conduct a cafeteria or a general restaurant business. So far as the ordinance speaks,' it applies to all kinds of restaurants.
This subject is fully discussed by Judge Williams in Lynch v. Town of North View, 73 W. Va. 609, 81 S. E. 833. In that case the town council was granted plenary power over the streets of the town, and to keep them free from obstructions. Pursuant to the authority granted, the council passed an ordinance making it unlawful for any person to dig out or excavate in any street, alley or road, or to remove any soil or other thing from any street, alley or road for the setting of telegraph or telephone or other poles or posts, or laying gas mains, or for doing any other thing without the consent of the council entered of record. The court held the ordinance to be void, saying: “To make valid a city ordinance placing restrictions upon lawful conduct or the lawful use of property, it must specify the use and conditions to be observed in such conduct, or business, and must admit of the exercise of the privilege by all citizens alike who will comply with such rules and conditions. It should not admit of an opportunity for the exercise of an arbitrary discrimination by the municipal authorities between citizens similarly situated. Notwithstanding express power may exist to enact, the ordinance must provide a uniform rule of action; it must contain permanent legal provisions, operating generally and- impartially, for its enforcement can not be left to the will or unregulated discretion of the municipal authorities, or any officer of the corporation.’ ”
But it is argued that the city by its charter is granted the
The business of conducting a restaurant is a lawful business, and in the absence of statute any one has the right to engage in it, and one can not be prevented from engaging in such business if one meets the requirements of the law. The petitioners have shown that they have complied with all legal
Reversed and demurrer overruled.