210 S.W. 518 | Tex. Comm'n App. | 1919
The defendant, Hotel Dieu, is a religious corporation organized for the purpose of maintaining and operating a hospital. The services of the hospital are given free to those who cannot afford to pay; and all sums received for services are expended in the maintenance of the establishment, the payment of a mortgage debt, and of an annual sum for the maintenance of the mother organization located in another state. Defendant owns and operates a laundry in connection with the hospital. The plaintiff, Romana Armendarez, was an em-. ployé of defendant and, while at work in the laundry, was injured by having her hand drawn in between the revolving rollers of the mangle while she was in the act of releasing from the machine some garments which had become entangled therein.. This action was brought to recover damages for the injuries thus received. The case has been twice tried. Upon the first trial, the court instructed a verdict for defendant upon the theory that it was, from the nature of its purposes and business, exempt from liability in'the matters complained of. The judgment rendered théreon was reversed by the Court of Civil Appeals. 145 S. W. 1031. The second trial resulted in a verdict and judgment for plaintiff, which was affirmed by the Court of Civil Appeals. ■ 167 S; W. 181.
The machine upon which plaintiff was injured consisted of a large cylinder or roller and three smaller ones in position above it, and the appliances by which they were connected with a steam engine by • means of which the rollers were pressed together and caused to revolve. The person feeding the machine stood in front of a table or platform provided for that purpose and placed the garments under a guard railing which had been arranged to protect the hand of the feeder. The garments were gripped between the large and small revolving rollers and by action of the machine carried out on the opposite side. At the time of her injury, plaintiff was about 17 years of age and had been in the service of defendant about 7 weeks, during which time she fed the mangle 2 days in each week. She was without previous experience in the operation of machinery. Mrs. Sawyer was forewoman in Charge of the laundry, and it was her duty to instruct and direct plaintiff and the other employes in their work. She testified:
“While I worked at Hotel Dieu, I was forewoman in charge of the laundry. I did not employ the servants; Sister Superior did. When they misbehaved, I discharged them. * * * I was in charge of Mexican servants; the Sisters of Charity put me in charge of them. * * * If the clothes got caught in the mangle and choked it or got caught or entangled in it in any way, the proper thing to do would be to stop the mangle and loosen it up; loosen the wheel that is on the end. * * * She (plaintiff) did not know how to stop the mangle. I stopped it most of the time. I never told her how to stop it.”
The plaintiff testified:
“Before being hurt, no instructions, warning, or caution were given to me by any one in regard to the mangle. I had no knowledge or experience with machinery prior to the time I was injured. The way in which the injury occurred was this: A few towels were tangled in the mangle, and I told the lady, Mrs. Sawyer, that those towels were tangled in the mangle, and she told me to taka them out. I went to take them out at the time my hand was caught. My hand was all burned when it was caught. It was mashed also.”
It is not contended that plaintiff’s injury was caused by reasons of any fault or de-
The main questions for determination are: Whether the, risk was' an obvious one -which the plaintiff assumed; and, if not, whether the defendant was negligent in failing to warn and instruct plaintiff as to the dangers incident to her work.
“It is insisted that ón account of the plaintiff being 19 years old, and the evidence as to his intelligence and the duration of his employment in the particular service in which he was injured, the court should have treated the case as if he were sui juris. It has been'held that when a minor attains the age of 14 years he is to be considered, as to the question of his assuming the risks of a dangerous employment, as a person of full age, until the contrary is made to appear by evidence. Nagle v. Ry., 88 Pa. 35 [32 Am. Rep. 413]. But we think the great weight of authority supports a different rule, and that if a servant be under the age of 21 years, and he. has not been instructed by the master as to the dangers'of his employment, it is a question for the jury whether he has acquired sufficient knowledge of the dangers to exempt the master from liability in casé of injury. In the first place, 'it . is tbe duty of the master to inform him not onfy that the work is dangerous, but also as to the extent of the danger and hów to avoid it.' If that be done he assumes the risk, and'in case he is injured by reason of the risks so assumed he cannot recover. - So, also, if he knows not only oi the danger but also of its extent, and has the capacity to appreciate it, he then assumes the risk, and the master cannot be held liable. It is not sufficient that he knows the employment is dangerous, but he must also be aware of the extent of the danger, and have the discretion to understand the risk, before he can be held to have assumed it. These are questions of fact to be determined by the jury. Coombs v. Cordage Co., 102 Mass. 572 [3 Am. Rep. 506]; Donlin v. Allen, 74 Mo. 1 [41 Am. Rep. 298]; Hill v. Gust, 55 Ind. 45; Schwander v. Brigs, 33 Hun, 186.”
We are of opinion that the judgment
The judgment recommended by the Commission of Appeals is adopted and will be entered as the judgment of the Supreme Court.
«gmoFor other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes
@=Eor other case3 see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes