143 Ala. 67 | Ala. | 1904
The defendant was convicted in the court below of murder in the first degree, and was sentenced to imprisonment in the penitentiary for life. From the judgment of conviction he has appealed.
The first question, presented by the record for consideration, relates to the action of the court in overruling a motion to quash the indictment. The motion was based upon the ground that one Richardson, who had been summoned as a grand juror, was not present when the other members of the grand jury were sworn, but, that he came in the court room after the jury was sworn and while the presiding judge was engaged in delivering his charge to the jury. That the court’s attention was called to the fact that Richardson was present, and thereupon the court had him duly sworn as a member of the grand jury and he took his seat as one of the jury. The bill of exceptions shows affirmatively, that the presiding judge then rehearsed that part of the charge which was delivered in the absence of said Richardson, and the jury was then charged as a whole and placed in the charge of a bailiff, with instructions to retire and enter upon the discharge of their duties, and that Richardson participated in the finding of the indictment against the defendant.
We fail to see any merit in the contention of the defendant upon this question, even if we were without a statute regulating such questions. Section 5269 of the Code, points out the only objection which may be taken to an indictment, by plea in abatement or otherwise, with respect to the formation of the grand jury. The ground stated in the statute is that, the grand jurors were not drawn in the presence of the persons designated by law. Furthermore, if error could Joe predicated of the court’s action in overruling the motion, we think
The motion to quash the special venire was not made until after the jury to try the case had been selected and accepted by the State and the defendant. The motion came too late, and, for this reason, if for no other, the court did not err in overruling it. — Ryan’s case, 100 Ala 105; Longmire’s case, 130 Ala. 66.
The defendant sought to prove previous threats made by the deceased, which were communicated to defendant before the fatal shooting. As was well said, in the case of Rutledge v. State, 88 Ala., “Before evidence of previous threats by, or difficulties with, or ill feeling on the part of the deceased, is properly admissible in a homicide case, the evidence adduced must have some tendency to establish tllie constituents of the right to destroy life that life may be preserved — which are, that the accused was without fault in bringing on the fatal rencounter; that he was in imminent peril, real or reasonably apparent, of loss of life or limb; and that) he could not, as the matter presented itself to him, retreat or avoid the combat with safety to himself. The theory of the rule is, that a right to kill can never be the result of the violent, bloodthirsty disposition, revengeful feeling, or threats of the deceased; and hence, until there are facts offered which go in some measure to establish the necessity to strike, as the law defines that necessity, such evidence is patently irrelevant.” — Rutledge’s case, 88 Ala. 85; Jones’ case, 116 Ala. 468.
The evidence in the case, on the part of the State, clearly showed that the defendant sought the deceased and killed him from a spirit of retaliation and revenge, for the purpose of punishing the deceased for past injuries done him.
The defendant’s evidence falls far short of making a case, in which the doctrine of self-defense could be rightfully invoked. The testimony, without conflict, showed that on Sunday morning, at the house of one George Hughes, the defendant and.-the deceased were engaged in a game of craps, and that, while so engaged, a diffi
Under the foregoing evidence, there- certainly was nothing that would have caused a reasonably prudent man to- honestly believe that he was in imminent danger of being killed, or that he would suffer grievous bodily harm at the hands of the deceased, twenty-five steps away and armed only with a- pair of brass knucks. Moreover, the way was open to the defendant to have avoided taking of life by retreat. Neither was there any tendency of the evidence to rebut the tendency of the evidence that defendant sought the opportunity to- kill the deceased.
The evidence which the defendant attempted to elicit from Dr. Upchurch, as to the physical condition of the defendant, stands in the same category with that of previous threats, and must have the same predicate for its admission before it is relevant.
Charge numbered one, given at the request of the State, is substantially a copy of the definition of the terms, “Deliberate and premeditated,” as laid down in the case of Daughdrill v. State, 113 Ala. 32. We think the definition given the words “Deliberate and premeditated,” in the case above cited, is fully supported in the cases of Cleveland v. State, 86 Ala. 1; Smith v. State, 68 Ala. 424; Mitchell v. State, 60 Ala. 26. And in other States which have statutes containing the words “Deliberate and premeditated,” as descriptive of murder in the first degree, we have found decisions which sustain the view, that the killing will be willful, deliberate, and premeditated in all cases where an intent to kill exists before the act, of which intent the mind is fully conscious, and the accused thereafter executes the intent by killing, without regard to the length of time intervening the intent and the act. — State v. Beatty, 51 W. Va. 232; McAdams v. State, 25 Ark. 405; Whiteford v. Commonwealth, 6 Rand, (Va.) 721; 18 Am. Dec. 771; Donnelly v. State, 26 N. J. Law, 463, text 510; State v. Dowden, 118 N. C. 1145, text 1153; Hawthorn v. State, 58 Miss. 778. There was no error in giving charge numbered 1.
Charge numbered 2, given at the request of the State, has been many times approved by this Court, and the court committed no error in giving the charge. — Wilk
We have considered all of lire grounds of error assigned, and not having found any error in the record, the judgment of the circuit court must be affirmed. Affirmed.