85 A. 541 | Conn. | 1912
The plaintiff alleges that he was kicked by a horse of the defendant which had been "negligently left unattended, unguarded and unharnessed and tied to the rear of a wagon" in Orange Street. He claimed further that the horse was a vicious, kicking horse, and that the defendant knew of this vice. The complaint has been construed as charging two acts of negligence. Hope v. Valente,
The defendant assigns as error the court's instruction that if the jury found it proven that the defendant's horse "was left by him unattended, unguarded and *304
unharnessed," and tied to his wagon, at the time and place in question, they should then determine "whether, in so doing, he was negligent," that is, "whether . . . he acted as a reasonably prudent . . . man would have acted under like circumstances," and that if they found that the defendant so left the horse, and was in so doing negligent, and the plaintiff, without negligence on his part, was kicked by her, he might recover. This plainly left it for the jury to determine whether it was negligence to leave the horse tied to the wagon in the street, although she was gentle and free from vicious habits. This is the precise ground of the defendant's complaint of the instruction. It is said that as the horse is a domestic animal not naturally vicious or inclined to mischief, an owner is not negligent in leaving it tied in the street unless the individual horse so left is vicious and the owner knows it. But a person may be negligent in the use of an instrument which in itself is entirely harmless. We have said in the case of a runaway horse that it was a question for the jury whether it was negligence to leave the horse unhitched in the street under circumstances disclosed by the evidence, regardless of its habit of running away. Haywood v. Hamm,
Upon the question of the defendant's knowledge of the vicious propensities of his horse the jury were instructed that "the knowledge of any servant or agent . . . in respect to any vicious propensity or disposition of the horse in question, acquired while driving or having the management, care or control of said horse, by the direction or authority of the defendant, will be imputed to the defendant." This is excepted to by the defendant as permitting the knowledge of any one having the management, care or control of the horse to be imputed to the defendant. This criticism does not take notice of the fact that the charge confines the knowledge to "any servant or agent of the defendant." The jury were later told that this knowledge must have been acquired by the servant or agent while acting within the fair scope of his agency or employment. It is conceded by the defendant's counsel in their brief that this charge could not be complained of had the court defined what constituted "acting within the scope" of their authority. But in this respect the charge followed the ninth request of the defendant and the court was not required to go further than the defendant requested.
The first thirty-three assignments of error relate to the admission of the testimony of O'May, a witness for the plaintiff, who was a groom at the stable of a veterinary, and testified in substance that a chestnut mare, which was brought to the stable and treated there and taken away a short time before the plaintiff's injury, was a vicious kicking animal, that he informed the servant who came for her that she was a kicker. He testified also that he had afterward seen the same mare in the defendant's possession and in the possession *306
of one Dominic Manturio, a servant of the defendant, and had also seen her in front of the Orange Street premises. It is claimed that this evidence, tending to show viciousness, was not admissible until the identity of the horse at the stable with the one which did the plaintiff injury had been established, and that the question of identity was one for the court. We said, when this case was formerly before us (
It is also objected to this testimony that that portion of it was improper which tended to show that information of the viciousness of the horse was communicated by O'May to the servant of the defendant who came to the hospital for the horse, because such knowledge could not be imputed to the master unless the servant is shown to have had general charge of the horse. It does not appear that the testimony was objected *307 to upon this ground at the time it was admitted. So far as appears the entire testimony was objected to because, as claimed, there had been no identification of the horse. However this may be, the jury were told in the charge that knowledge of a servant was only imputable to the master when acquired while acting within the fair scope of his agency, and also that knowledge of any servant of the defendant in respect to the viciousness of the horse, to be imputable to the defendant, should be acquired while driving or having the management of the horse. The defendant could not therefore have been harmed by the testimony if improperly admitted.
The plaintiff offered in chief a portion of the defendant's testimony upon the former trial of the case, which was claimed as an admission of knowledge by the defendant of the viciousness of the horse. This was objected to upon the ground that the defendant's entire testimony upon the former trial was not offered, the defendant's counsel stating that no objection would be made to the admission of the defendant's entire testimony. An admission by the defendant of a material fact was admissible whether made in court or elsewhere, and we know of no rule which would compel the plaintiff to lose the admission unless he put in the entire evidence of the defendant, that relating to other facts as well as to the one in question. Such procedure would very likely result in the plaintiff being compelled to offer evidence against himself, and perhaps enable the defendant to escape testifying upon the second trial.
The other questions raised by the appeal are either specifically waived in the defendant's brief, or have not been pursued therein or in the oral argument. They therefore call for no discussion here.
There is no error.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.