*2
RIVES,
Before
BELL
DYER,
Judges.
Circuit
RIVES,
Judge:
Circuit
representation
This
“test case”1 is before us for the second
gain
8(a)
(5),
representative
§
NLRA
29 U.S.C.
§
it considers
(5),
bargain
incorrectly
(a)
unfair
labor
refusal
certified and then contest
virtually
consequent
practice
conceded
practice
unfair
labor
cease-
representation
determination
promulgated
Board’s
and-desist
final
order
under
judicial
authority
upheld.
secure
In order
NLRA §
29 U.S.C. §
generally
NLRA
non-final
otherwise
review
2 CCH
Law
Lab.
determination,
Rep.
how
¶¶
29 U.S.C.
ever,
bar-
refuse to
must
Foods,
(f).
Corp.
Inc. v.
Town
Universal Camera
time. See Home
241, deny NLRB, 1951,
remanding
95 L.Ed.
NLRB Houston Chroni-
enforcement
Publishing Co.,
hearing
evidentiary
cle
160 NLRB
petitions
recognize
273.3 While we also
Home Town Foods
*3
Supple
adopting
set
Board has broad discretion
to review and to
procedures
govern
proc-
the election
and Order
to
mental Decision
(1968);
ess,
NLRB,
126
we find
conflict
172 NLRB No.
no
between
cross-petitions
breadth of discretion afforded the Board
Board
enforcement.
160(e),
promulgation
procedures
10(e),
(f),
29
its
NLRA
U.S.C. §
§
(f).2
used
substantial
evidence rules
applications
courts
to
review
scope
Our
of review is limited
procedures.
those
ascertaining
there
sub
“There is
conflict or
no
contradic-
stantial
the record consid
evidence
tion between the substantial
evidence
support
as a
the Board's
ered
whole to
scope
160(e)
rule
of re-
determinative
decision and
29 U.S.C. §
order.
procedural
adherence to
Company
52-45,
than ritualistic
2. The
lost
the election
ob-
reviewed the election
challenged.
formalities. We
9 ballots
such
with
challenges
Seven
original Company peti-
jections on
were sustained on the basis
cross-petition for en-
for review and
ineligibility
vote;
tion
2
never re-
of
solved,
10(e),
(f), 29
§
forcement. NLRA
U.S.
opened,
never
or never tabulated
160(e),
(f).
denied enforce
Regional
We
§§C.
Director’s belief that
on the
they
observing
“[vjiewed
after
that
cum
ment
ulatively,
not affect
could
election out-
102.69(c).
the em
doubt
See 29
How-
§
come.
C.F.R.
objections charge
ployer’s
the elec
ever,
Company did not choose to
challenge
Rather,
in less than
tion was conducted
laboratory
make
ballot
case.
promised
“specific
allegations
often
conditions so
relies on
required by
specific
specific
the Board and
from or
of
people,”
events
about
Douglas
244. The Board
F.2d at
Courts.”
379
NLRB v.
Elect.
Co.
was,
therefore,
Membership
1966,
conduct
instructed to
5
358 F.2d
Cir.
evidentiary hearing
merits of
130, claiming
on the
125,
mis-
objections.
Company’s
supporters
See Southwestern
and election
NLRB,
organizer,
v.
5 Cir.
Portland Cement Co.
1969,
tile union
misconduct
131;
supporters,
NLRB v. Monroe
agent
407 F.2d
Board
1969,
Equip. Co.,
destroyed
5
F.2d
406
Auto
Cir.
934,
177,
89 S.Ct.
Corp., 1948,
cert. denied 393 U.S.
ditions.” General Shoe
77
Genesco,
270;
293,
124,
Regional
21 L.Ed.2d
N.L.R.B.
The
393;
Inc.,
Cir.1969,
parte
NLRB
5
Director conducted
ex
adminis-
1968,
Industries, Inc.,
403
investigation,
5
v. Smith
Cir.
trative
denied the Com-
NLRB,
889;
Refining
pany objections,
F.2d
Howell
Co. v.
the union
and certified
1968,
Department
213;
(Retail,
v.
F.2d
NLRB
Cir.
400
Wholesale &
Store
5
Ortronix,
Inc.,
1967,
Union, AFL-CIO)
bargain-
F.2d
380
5
exclusive
102.69(c).
ing agent.
Rubber
v.
States
Co.
29
United
§
C.F.R.
1967,
NLRB,
Company’s request
F.2d 602.
5 Cir.
373
for Board review was
summarily
decision,
denied, without
on the
theory
is-
Our review here
directed
raised “no substantial
by suggestions
warranting
29 C.F.R.
affected
sues
review.”
judicial
scope
might
102.67(c).
lead
a narrower
§
refused
When
bargain,
practice charges
in consent election cases.
review
unfair labor
1170, 1183,
generally Annot.,
Ex-
36 A.L.R.2d
Board and its Trial
were filed. The
Paper
representa-
(1954). Compare
applied
Box
rule that a
Carlisle
aminer
1,
NLRB,
question previously
F.2d
in a
3 Cir.
398
decided
Co.
tion
Moore,
may
Manning,
proceeding
relitigated in
Maxwell &
5-6 and
9
§
pro-
practice
subsequent
F.2d
5
324
unfair
Inc.
;
Sidran,
ceeding.
102.67(f)
see 2
with NLRB v.
5 Cir.
C.F.R.
Pepperell
Rep.
also
673. See
Law
3060.84. The
Lab.
CCH
U
Mfg.
thereupon,
objections,
were fore-
May 26, 1969,
520, 522,
cert. denied
the find-
from consideration and
closed
stemming
ings
L.Ed.2d
order
89 S.Ct.
and cease-and-desist
U.S.
no more
were the result of
therefrom
bargaining
representative.”
principle
whereunder
General
view and the
Corp., 1948,
Shoe
with wide discre-
NLRB
entrusted
7, 9(a)
establishing
procedures
9(c)
(1),
LMRA
§§
Cf.
157, 159(a),
necessary
159(c)
safeguards
U.S.C.
to insure
§§
deny
bargaining
We
enforcement.4
free choice
the fair and
Na-
representatives
enunciated
J.
Board v. A.
tional Labor Relations
I.
Co., 1946,
Tower
A former counsel
to NLRB member
rules
322. These
L.Ed.
Jenkins has written that:
they
dif-
affect
not conflict because
do
“It
is in
American
tradition
activity.
fering
spheres
vigor
elections with more
in the ini-
lies
Board’s wide discretion
than restraint
and elections to deter-
regula-
*4
promulgation
rules and
tial
of
bargaining representative
mine the
tions,
its du-
the court exercises
while
employees
exception.
peri-
are no
involving
reviewing
decisions
ties
filing
od
petition
between the
and
application
rules.
Ju-
of the Board’s
may
the election
be a brief one but it
not
is
dicial review
these cases
parties
is crucial
to the
and fascinat-
of the Board’s
the wisdom
cerned with
ing
spectator.
to the
Emotions
run
policy
whether
must
determine
high
temperance
speech
supports
the find-
record
a whole
conduct
rule.
It
not unu-
ings
respecting com-
and conclusions
Board, despite
sual
therefore
for the
policies,
pliance
rules
safeguards
established,
all the
it has
gulations
by
promulgated
the Board.
to receive loud cries of ‘foul’ from the
changes
Congress
or until
“Unless
loser.”
language
Su-
statute or the
of the
Funke,
Regulation
Board
of Pre-Election
interpreta-
changes
preme
its
Conduct,
Tex.L.Rev.
statute,
application of the
of the
Congress has vested in the Board the
rule of the
this court
is bound
authority
investigate
and resolve
Camera case.”
Universal
objections to election conduct. LMRA §
Corporation
America
Celanese
9, 29 U.S.C.
The Board has
§ 159.
Cir.1961,
NLRB,
F.2d 224 at
adopted
appropriate
proce
evaluation
Company,
Accord,
NLRB v. Bata Shoe
general
dures. 29 C.F.R.
102.69. See
Compare
Cir.
ly
Rep.
2 CCH Lab.Law
¶¶
Cir.1969,
Independent,
Inc. v.
recently
2792. The Board has
ac
Finally,
note that
we
untrammeled
deny
rule,
102.67(f),
on the basis
enforcement
29 C.F.R. §
Since
10§
application
proceeding notwithstanding
its own
Board’s
denial of
standard,
“laboratory
proceeding.
But
review in the
see
conditions”
Pepsi-Cola
implications
Bottling
Buffalo
need not consider
Co.
relitigation
application
of its
When, tions conducted, inhibited representative. is our tory ideal as register “In election labor its true Board’s dating choice choice conditions ; in which practice. An election will duty possible, purpose # may function drops is also desires a free they under election, sometimes or to establish proceedings, [*] rare too against enable to determine constitute experiment low, extreme even [*] duty provide a if the surround- warrant been because employees. employees untrammeled to determine these though [*] bargaining an unfair can serve case, fulfilled. may labora- nearly invali- condi- [*] un- It select is employer and to as ployees, which a free choice from which it 2d Butler employer,5 union,6 termination test er Cf. over laboratory and the fault or parties.8 represents permitted interference, Apparel again." protected from interference (“The struggle experiment employees.”) As to is whether .the Southland conditions are Co., quotes, an ideal 717, 727, *5 union, register any others, may must be conducted critical Board de Paint NLRB v. Lake be made 9 agent,7 or oth atmosphere and the case between not free choice. conditions” Co., 5 right objected present em F. to Raytheon Co., N.L.R.B. See, g., preference 173 re- e. for union too late for 5. ¶ 20,216 buttal) K-Mart, 1968, 10, ; NLRB CCH N.L.R.B. 1968-2 No. 173 grievances employee 20,290 (employer 84, ¶ solicited NLRB No. 1968-2 CCH buttons) ; wage misrepresentation (substantial Anchor no” offered “vote data and Coupling 40, 1968, Co., Inc., ; Knapp-Sherrill Co., union) No. 168 N.L.R.B. (supervisor 21,908 171, NLRB ¶ N.L.R.B. No. 1968-2 CCH CCH 171 1968-1 ; employees) (union job 22,597 120 of3 threats of NLRB ¶ contact Inc., Mfg. Co., ; Expan non-supporters) N.L. 167 loss to Star International 105, 1968, Corp., ¶ NLRB CCH 1968-1 170 N.L.R.B. R.B. No. sion Industries (supervisor ¶22,243 47, to 6 of 730 21,814 statements NLRB No. 1968-1 CCH Inc., Papers, Inc., ; Milchem, (union electioneering) employees): Nationwide 1030, 46, NLRB 1964 CCH No. 1968-1 N.L.R.B. N.L.R.B. CCH 170 147 22,245 (last (warning 13,226 economic drastic NLRB minute conversa- ¶ detriment) ; If Inc., Co., agent.) A P Tea & Great with voters union tion 133, NLRB 1962 CCH N.L.R.B. 140 g., Paper Co., See, 7. e. Austill Waxed of em (employer 11,839 interview ¶ 169, No. 169 N.L.R.B. CCH 1968-1 ; station) away ployees work from 22,192 (ballot NLRB box left unsealed ¶ Harrison-Cherry Lane & Plochman Foods, Inc., from min and unattended two to five 130, 1962 CCH N.L.R.B. 140 ; utes) Eng. Co., 166 Athbro Precision 11,832 (showing “And of movie ¶ NLRB 116, No. NLRB N.L.R.B. 1967 CCH Co., Weep”) ; 137 Trane Must Women (Board agent 21,681 drank beer with ¶ NLRB 1506, CCH 1962 N.L.R.B. agent employee union between shifts of pay- regular 11,450 (withheld $5 1f voting; integrity ques of ballot box not immediately thereafter check tioned) . effect of show turned same See, g., Henry Siegel, Inc., e. I. N.L. dues). 56, 21,483 ¶ R.B. No. NLRB 1967 CCH Corp., Pkg. See, g., e. Dolco (interference anti-union towns NLRB CCH 1968-2 No. N.L.R.B. people) ; Poultry, Diamond State misrepresentation of (union con 20,470 ¶ (conduct 107 N.L.R.B. No. 3 outside employ area with unionized terms tract ers) day polls on election workers Inc., Rebmar, N.L.R.B. ; neighboring plant). ¶20,441 NLRB 1968-2 CCH No. Company ap- 9. The accuses the Board of (union official misuse plying ; N.L. standard” —one notices) a “double test Cranbar employer campaign conduct, NLRB another CCH No. R.B. management (union 20,416 inference ¶ cumulatively II. rather than in- isolated incidents; (2) objec- dividual while an original In our consideration of this normally tive evaluation is the basis alleged case, pre-elec noted determination whether interference oc- misconduct,10 day and election require setting curred sufficient proven, left the election no doubt election, “subjective of fear on the basis should have been set aside coercion, however, may carry “labora deterioration well,” (emphasis at 244 F.2d tory See conditions.” at added); finally all coercive acts Mfg. Electra need not be shown to be attributable 570; Packers, F.2d Neuhoff Bros. union, sup- rather than rank-and-file 1966, 362 Inc. porters. denied cert. Houston 18 L.Ed.2d Co., 5
Chronicle Pub.
III.
-
Nine witnesses
testified
behalf of
Moreover,
remanded with instruc-
degrees
Company,
varying
to which
tions
validity
every objec
substantiated
objected
must be considered
fault,
but where
neither
activities. Such an accusation
agent
party
or some outside
has inter-
Note,
novel.
National Labor
fered.
Relations Act Elections:
Post-Election
Objections,
Temp.L.J.
Company objected
following
10. The rationale for such criticism has been
(1) participation in
concisely
conduct:
summarized:
super-
organizational
initial
efforts
evaluating employer
“In
; (2)
kill
visor
or beat
anti-
stringent
threats
two
*6
Board has indicated that more
employees
by
union
made
named union
applied
restrictions will be
than in the
presence
in
of
em-
conduct,
advocates
the
other
reasoning
of
union
that
persuasion;
(3)
ployees
employer’s
of unknown
sabo-
an
statements
his em-
tage (sugar
tank)
of
ployees
fuel
the truck
going
greater
the
are
to have a
in-
by
union
driven
opponents;
one of the two threatened
fluence than if those same statements
(4) widespread circula-
and
were made
a union because the em-
against
ployer
wages
of
vote
un-
tion
rumors that a
the
controls future
work-
and
job
employee
readily
his
ing
would cost
“if the
ion
an
and could more
through.”
Company also
reality.
union went
translate his statements
into
objected
following eleetion-day
(Citations
oc-
omitted.)
Management
the
(1)
expressions
:
location in the
currences
glass-front
election
anti-union
are ‘uttered in
portion
building,
of the
com-
authority’ giving
that
locus of final
“goldfish bowl”;
pared
(2)
impact.
to a
them more
General Shoe
admitting
agent
the
(1951).”
conduct in
union or-
97 NLRB
voting
ganizer
place
polling
Samoff,
to the
after
also
NLRB Elections:
place
started,
leaving
polling
Uncertainty
with
Certainty,
the
or
117 U.Pa.L.
minutes,
and in
him
several
authoriz-
Rev. 228
ing
polling
unnecessary
into the
area a number of chal-
We find it
unwise
permitted
lenged
upon
only
voters
were
to await
pass
who
this issue since we review
approximately
currently
three feet
a turn to vote
the Board
be-
determination
away
of the booth in-
us, however,
from and in front
fore us.
It
seem to
would
line;
(3) presence
apply
single
of in
outside the
stead
polls
that
the Board should
a
company,
against
of
from another
it will
measure
who,
strike,
participated
campaign
parties
had
while
all
who
the
might
conduct of
organizational campaign
employee
the Home Town
with
free
interfered
who,
day, parked
choice, weighing
on election
14 feet
in-
the conduct of each
polls
yes”
party
particular
according
from the
sign
a vehicle with
“vote
to the
dividual
(4)
window;
power
might possess.
electioneer-
its
he
a test
Such
challenged
ing
setting
he
adequate
one of
voters as
the
makes
allowance
(all
challenged
the
whether,
given
near the booth
of
stood
in a
aside
advocates who had been
context,
employer
voters
union
or
either
(5)
validly fired,
2, supra) ;
Moreover,
per-
party.
see note
the dominant
challenged
placement
in a
of the
voters
where
be set aside
an election to
mits
separate occa-
Company.
on three
threatened
been
sions,
made
tion
one11
thereby
that
there was
find
on behalf
testified
witnesses
Three
general
challenged
actual-
that fear
no evidence to establish
one,
voter
counsel:
ly
any
voting
affected
vote.
booth
in front
who stood
during
election, merely
that
stated
adopted,
with substantial
The Board
so as to
into the booth
see
modifications,13
findings,
he could not
conclusions
any
his
cast
voter
how
determine
Ex-
Trial
and recommendations
ballot;12
concerned
two were
findings,
other
Notwithstanding
aminer.
organizer
absolving
with
no
that
there was
concluded
day
in the
any
misconduct
setting
the election.
basis for
Compa
place. The
polling
area of the
underlying
determination
rationale
ny’s prima
facie case
straight-forward:
was
rumors,
sabotage,
of elec
threats,
that
to conclude
“We are unable
largely un
day irregularities was
justify
conclu-
these circumstances
Counsel.
General
controverted
laboratory
con-
sion that the
however,
Examiner,
The Trial
of a free elec-
ditions for the conduct
cluded that:
Applying
present.
tion were not
Court,
as summa-
test set
in this case
that
said
“It cannot be
forth
* * *
above,
that
during
there is
the elec-
rized
any
resulted
the above
campaign period
of such
tion
aggravated
factors
subjective
reactions which
create
as to
character
interfered
employee
any
repris-
other
vote
general atmosphere
fear and
Stegall,
expression
could not
rendering
than
and his ballot
free
al
impossible.”
the result.
representatives
choice of
affect
on the evidence
conclusion
expressed
To
reach
“The
the view
Trial
presented
atmosphere
necessitated
in which
the entire
consideration
tainted,
eliminate
Examiner
it would
election was held was
ru-
part
all
the threats and
creat-
that the conduct
be immaterial
partici-
supervisor
mors,
ing
directly
atmosphere-was
as well
ruling
However,
pation, by
attributable to the Union.
dur-
occurred
apparent
events
to show such
failed
to us that
seems
campaign period;
opinion
interpreted
critical
Court’s
must be
*7
showing
respon-
election
dispensing
various
the
of
that he discount
with a
isolation,
considering
only
events,
parties
in
sibility by
each
one of the
fear”;
resulting
and
in “baseless
so se-
where the conduct involved
of
testimony of one
only
the
rious a nature
result
that he discredit
that it could
have
employee
the Board
widespread
found
fear of
in
confusion and
presence
a
position
in such
the booth
in front of
of these union adherents
mere
threatening
position potentially
their
feared
bal-
that some
in a
fashion
secrecy
apprehension
secret.
were not
not be or
in some
would
lot
resulted
ballots
employees.
part
on
of uncommitted
the
Although
one of
evidence
there was
sign
challenged
fact,
some
made
voters
13. In
the “modifications” amounted to
the
waiting
departure
employee
in the vot-
who was
a
the Trial Examiner’s
line,
findings
was
his conduct
of
the substance
of fact. The Board substituted
which,
proven
“electioneer-
to constitute
its own narration of the facts
never
effect,
validity
ing.”
conceded the
of the Com-
pre-election
pany allegations
threats
testimony
course,
alto-
does not
his
12. Of
(except
and rumors and substantiated
possibility
of his
gether
that one
erase
accuracy
secrecy objection) the
the ballot
standing
contemporaries
feet
three
description
Company’s
of the elec-
may
able to
have been
booth
front of the
tion-day
Hence,
findings
events.
testi-
his
Nor does
booth.
see into
virtually
acknowledged
regardless
that,
mony
fact
neutralize
support-
challenged
Company’s allegations.
union
truth of the
booth,
actually
into the
see
could
ers
impossi-
reprisal
would render
U.S.
which
95 L.Ed.
Board,
rational,
Courts, adopted
choice
em-
456. The
not the
uncoerced
ble
Here,
ex-
which
as the
ployees.
the incidents
election
measure
fairness
permissible
“laboratory
mere-
bounds were
ceeded
conditions” standard and the
objective
Stegall
(or
involving
inferential)
and the
ly the
impact
three
appraisal
employees,
all
merely
coldroom
method.14 This Court
subjective
very
one
noted on
limited in nature
remand that
employees. may carry
day
to two other
was known
as well. 379 F.2d at
amount
We do not think
two evaluation methods are
mutually
consid-
misconduct was what the
exclusive. This Court has
application
previously
that,
for the
held
ered sufficient
where the Board
Accordingly,
“promulgated”
governing
stated.
has
the criterion it
a standard
stated,
adhere,
LMRA,15
“(s)uch pol-
conduct under
reasons
holding.
controlling
prior
icies
are
until
an-
Board
change
nounces a
reasons for the
above,
find that
“In
view
change.”
Drilling
Delta
setting
aside
there is no basis
109, 113; Rayonier,
(Emphasis
case.”
in this
Inc. v.
5 Cir.
added.)
189.16
Concerning
facts
the cumulative
Because in the instant case the Board
in the
proved in the instant
acquiesced
pre-election
misconduct
“laboratory
light
conditions”
supporters
the union
and in election
con
express directions
standard and
agent,
misconduct
the union
original
re
on
decision
in our
tained
supporters
agent, which,
and the Board
unsupportable
mand,
Board order
cumulatively, obviously
viewed
resulted
whole.
record considered
N.L.R.B.,
campaign-
Corp.
“the standards of election
Camera
Universal
impact
meth-
evaluation
22 L.
89 S.Ct.
14. The inferential
classically
in a recent
Ed.2d 709.
illustrated
od
setting
Board decision
16. The Board has been
in
criticized for
supervisor
awith
contact
basis of
on the
sisting
on its ideal
conditions”
eligible
potentially
of 730
mere 6 out
Samoff, supra
standard.
note
in which
an election
worker-voters before
234-236; Aaron, Labor Relations Law in
rejected
vote:
382-272
union was
Challenges
Bargaining, 113,
to Collective
restraining
“(T)he
of coercive
effect
(L.Ulman
1967) ;
Reg
Bok,
ed.
employees di-
limited to
Campaign
Represen
ulation of
Tactics
rectly
Rather,
involved.
tation Elections Under the National Labor
employ-
recognized
long
courts
Act,
Relations
78 Harv.L.Rev.
concerning
interrogation and threats
er
urged “hearty
Mr. Samoff has
during
activity
cam-
electioneering, equal
and unrestricted
ac
prompt
likely
paign
to receive
are
voters,
results,”
cess to the
and conclusive
Therefore, to evaluate
wide circulation.
properly
a rather attractive
alternative
what he
probable
of conduct
effect
*8
goal”
considers the
in
“unattainable
nature,
the number
in
is coercive
suring “laboratory
pro
conditions.” He
directly
employees
involved cannot
poses
adopt
the Board
a new stand
The
factor.
determinative
serve as a
controlling
(preferably his)
ard for election conduct
by taking advantage
whether
factor here is
rule-making
of its
with
to interfere
involved tends
power. Samoff, supra,
234,
at
252. Cf.
by the em-
uncoereed choice
a free and
ployees.”
Wyman-Gordon Co., supra;
NLRB v.
Friendly, The Federal Administrative
Co., 1967,
Mfg.
Agencies:
N.L.
167
International
The Need for Better Definition
21,-
105,
Standards,
¶
NLRB
CCH
R.B. No.
75 Harv.L.Rev. 863
28,591.
814 at
decision on which
will
standard
best
effectuate the
isAct
a determination to
such
with whether
We are unconcerned
15.
initially by
be made
the Board. But un
product
Board’s
is the
a standard
otherwise,
bound,
til it indicates
it is
in
quasi-legislative
adjudicatory
objection
function.
cases, by
or its
its current
Co.,
Wyman-Gordon
v.
conditions”
NLRB
test.
C
f.
during
campaign,
low,
but
[ping]
drop
curred
too
conduct]
[and
circumstances,
par-
laboratory
in
whether
complained of ‘created
ticular
experiment
present, and the
not
[were]
coercion
again.”
tension or
environment
General
over
must be conducted
preclude
124,
to
such as
1948,
127.
77 N.L.R.B.
Shoe
exercising
NLRB, 5
a free choice. For conduct
Mfg.
Cir.
See Electra
setting
election,
to
aside an
warrant
1969,
Houston
NLRB v.
F.2d
coercive,
1962,
not
must that conduct be
Co., 5
300 F.2d
Pub.
Cir.
Chronicle
it must
so
to
related
probable
upon
have had
effect
denied.
Enforcement
polls.’
employees’
actions
Company,
Zelrich
(concurring spe-
Judge
BELL, Circuit
1011,
1965).”
(5th
cially) :
Age
Co.,
in
Beverage
announced
NLRB
in
result
v.
I concur
Golden
opinion.
majority
recognized
Further as
in our
REHEARING
FOR
PETITION
ON
original opinion:
PER CURIAM:
scope
is limited
“Our
of review
Court
complains that the
The Board
ascertaining
there
sub-
whether
“unrealistically
imposes
the Board an
on the record
stantial evidence
not
intend.
so
We do
standard.”
‘ideal’
support
sidered as a whole
agreement
are in full
We
Board’s decision and order.
U.S..C.
“laboratory”
explanations of its
Board’s
(f).
160(e) and
Universal Camera
Morganton
Fashioned
Full
in
Corp. NLRB, 1951,
U.S.
1538,1
Hosiery,
N.L.R.B.
456, NLRB v.
71 S.Ct.
95 L.Ed.
Inc.,
Market,
Liberal
Publishing Co., 5
Houston Chronicle
1481, 1482.2
N.L.R.B.
sidered rehearing is denied petition for The Judge panel nor of this no member the Court regular on service active polled having requested that the (Rule rehearing Federal banc on en Procedure; Local Appellate Rules 12), for Petition Rule Fifth Circuit Rehearing is denied. En Banc Goodbar, Springs, D. Colorado William
Colo., defendant-appellant. Atty., Campbell, Asst. U. S. Leonard Treece, (James Denver, U. S. L. Colo. brief), Denver, Colo., Atty., on the plaintiff-appellee. PHILLIPS, BREITENSTEIN Before America,
UNITED STATES Judges. HICKEY, Circuit Plaintiff-Appellee, Judge. HICKEY, Circuit BALTRUNAS, Stanley Defendant- appeal appellant direct is a This Appellant. jury conviction of Baltrunas No. 204-69. gov- sale of violation of 18 U.S.C. § Appeals Court of property. United States ernment Tenth Circuit. presents three issues Baltrunas Oct. view: sufficiency
(1) of the evidence. given instructions Error jury. Erroneously of- admitted evidence shop pursuant to the book rule fered 1732 or under 28 U.S.C. employed a civil servant Baltrunas military Ft. a locksmith at the Carson Springs, Colo- installation near Colorado' rado. that a combination
The facts disclose pharmacy department located in safe inoperable hospital because became lock. Mili- combination a defect in the procedures tary procurement insti- culminated in 1967 which tuted late purchase of new combination in the key Henley, operates who lock shop Springs. in Colorado service by Henley on received Jan- new lock was picked up uary 16, on that and was channels, ultimately, through date for installation delivered to Baltrunas pharmacy The records indicate lab. January started the installation
