Danny Ray Holton was indicted for selling cocaine, in violation of §
The record indicates that three of the black jurors who were struck had prior criminal convictions. This court has held numerous times that strikes based on prior criminal convictions are not considered to be racially discriminatory in nature as such and are race-neutral. Ward v. State,
Another black juror was struck because the district attorney's office had prosecuted a member of his family. Thus, this strike was also race-neutral. Johnson v. State,
Another juror was struck because members of her family had been arrested and she had a bad reputation with law enforcement. Thus, this strike was also based on considerations other than race. Powell; Johnson (bad reputation with law enforcement held to be race-neutral reason).
The last black juror was struck because she was single, unemployed, and had a bad appearance. The appellant was also single and unemployed. Furthermore, the explanation that a strike based on demeanor, looks, and body language, when considered with other relevant circumstances, may be considered a race-neutral explanation. Avery v. State,
The trial court's findings as to whether the defendant established purposeful racial discrimination are to be accorded great deference on appeal. Ex parte Lynn,
The record reveals that A.B.C. Agent Yvonne Bedgood purchased cocaine from the appellant on September 16, 1988. She wrapped the substance in foil and put it in a plastic zip-lock bag. She put the bag in an envelope, sealed it, and put her initials on it. She testified that she did not tamper with or change the item in any way while it was in her possession. She brought the envelope to Investigator Governor Jackson at a predesignated meeting place. He received the sealed envelope from Bedgood. He taped the seams and initialed and dated the envelope. He locked it in the evidence locker at the police station until he gave it to Investigator Ray Owens to take to the forensics laboratory. Jackson was the only person who had access to the evidence locker. Joseph Saloom of the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences testified that Ray Owens brought the evidence to him at the lab. The envelope was sealed. When he opened the envelope, he found a plastic zip-lock bag which contained a substance wrapped in foil. The substance was crack cocaine.
The appellant contends that the failure of Ray Owens to testify as to his part in the chain of custody constitutes reversible error. We disagree. "The State need only prove to a reasonable probability that the object is in the same condition as, and not substantially different from, its condition at the commencement of the chain." McCray v. State,
The record reveals that Agent Bedgood clearly identified the appellant as the person who sold her the cocaine. It is part of the jury's fact-finding function to decide the issue of identity. Agee v. State,
A motion for continuance is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, the exercise of which will not be disturbed unless clearly abused. Pritchett v. State,
A party requesting a continuance on the basis of an absent witness must show that he has exercised due diligence to obtain the presence of the witness, the witness would provide substantial, favorable testimony, the witness is available and willing to testify and a denial of the continuance would materially prejudice the defendant. Anderson v. State,
For the reasons set out above, this case is due to be, and hereby is, affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
All the Judges concur.
