AMBER H. v. LEE DUDEK, Acting Commissioner of Social Security
CASE NO. 2:24-cv-115-JTA
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA NORTHERN DIVISION
March 11, 2025
JERUSHA T. ADAMS, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
(WO)
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Pursuant to
I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY AND FACTS
Plaintiff is an adult3 female with a high school education and no past relevant work. (R. 39, 249.)4 She alleged a disability onset date of October 31, 2021. (R. 27, 248.) Plaintiff alleged disability due to bipolar disorder, manic depression, and severe anxiety. (R. 148, 248.)
On February 7, 2022, Plaintiff protectively filed a Title XVI (
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Judicial review of disability claims is limited to whether the Commissioner‘s decision is supported by substantial evidence and whether the correct legal standards were applied.
III. STANDARD FOR DETERMINING DISABILITY
An individual who files an application for SSI must prove that she is disabled. See
Disability under the Act is determined under a five-step sequential evaluation process.
If the claimant has failed to establish that she is disabled at the third step, the ALJ may still find disability under the next two steps of the analysis. At the fourth step, the ALJ must determine the claimant‘s residual functional capacity (“RFC“), which refers to the claimant‘s ability to work despite her impairments.
In this final analytical step, the ALJ must decide whether the claimant is able to perform any other relevant work corresponding with her RFC, age, education, and work experience.
IV. ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION
Within the structure of the sequential evaluation process, the ALJ found Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since the alleged onset date. (R. 29.) The ALJ determined Plaintiff suffers from the following severe impairments that significantly limit her ability to perform basic work activities: obesity, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. (Id.) Nevertheless, the ALJ concluded Plaintiff does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meet or medically equal the severity of one of the listed impairments in
After consideration of the record, the ALJ determined Plaintiff has the RFC to perform less than the full range of medium work, with the following limitations:
[Plaintiff] can perform frequent postural movements. She can understand, remember and apply simple instructions; and make simple work-related decisions. She can tolerate occasional interaction with coworkers and supervisors, but cannot work with the public in a customer service capacity nor could [she] work in an environment where the public is allowed to frequent. More specifically [she] also could not work in an institutional environment such as a jail or detention center. [Plaintiff] could tolerate occasional workplace changes that are gradually introduced.
Though Plaintiff has no past relevant work, the ALJ determined there are a significant number of jobs in the national economy Plaintiff can perform. (R. 39.) During the hearing, the ALJ posed a hypothetical to a VE that included Plaintiff‘s RFC. (R. 58-59.) Based on the VE‘s testimony, the ALJ determined Plaintiff could perform the requirements of three representative occupations including kitchen helper, floor waxer, and meat clerk. (R. 40.)
The ALJ further concluded Plaintiff had not been under a disability from February 7, 2022, to November 7, 2023, the date of the ALJ decision. (R. 41.) The ALJ found that based on the application for SSI, Plaintiff is not disabled under
V. DISCUSSION
Plaintiff presents one argument in this appeal. (Doc. No. 14 at 2.) Plaintiff argues the ALJ formed a legally insufficient RFC because she failed to include two outcome-determinative limitations in the RFC. (Id.) First, Plaintiff argues the ALJ failed to include a limitation to short, simple instructions. (Id. at 7.) Second, Plaintiff argues the ALJ failed to include the inability to do simple arithmetic. (Id. at 13.) Because the RFC does not contain these two limitations, Plaintiff avers the RFC is not based on substantial evidence. (Id. at 1.)
The RFC assesses the claimant‘s remaining ability to do work despite her impairments and any related symptoms.
A. Limitation to Simple Instructions
Plaintiff cites two State Agency opinions to support her argument. (Doc. No. 14 at 5.) The first is an opinion from the initial determination written by Dr. Jeannie Nunez, which found Plaintiff‘s RFC should include a limitation to short, simple instructions. (R. 97.) The second is an opinion from Dr. Jennifer Meyer which found Plaintiff has a moderate limitation in her ability to understand and remember detailed instructions, but found Plaintiff can recall simple work procedures and instructions. (R. 105.) This opinion is from
It is unclear from the ALJ‘s decision which conclusions she considered persuasive from each State Agency opinion. The ALJ begins by stating she finds the “conclusions of the State Agency psychologists at the reconsideration level [Dr. Meyer] to be more persuasive than at the initial level [Dr. Nunez] based on the totality of the medical evidence and testimony.” (R. 38.) The Commissioner avers this statement adequately explains why the ALJ did not include the limitation to short instructions in the RFC. (Doc. No. 22 at 5.) However, it is unclear from the ALJ‘s analysis whether she finds Dr. Nunez‘s limitation to short, simple instructions persuasive. In her RFC analysis, the ALJ, with no explanation or citation to Dr. Nunez‘s opinion, notes “[plaintiff] is able to carry out short and simple instructions.” (R. 38.) There is no indication whether this is the ALJ‘s conclusion or the conclusion of Dr. Nunez. (Id.) If it is the psychologist‘s conclusion and not her own, the ALJ does not indicate whether she finds it persuasive. The ALJ concludes Plaintiff is “restricted to slightly more limitations than determined at the reconsideration level, but not as significant as at the initial level.” (Id.) Notably, the ALJ does not specify which limitations are not as significant at the initial level.
The ALJ may have intentionally omitted “short” from the RFC. Yet, the ALJ did not provide a clear explanation why she crafted an RFC which conflicts with a medical opinion she found partially persuasive, and the Court is prevented from guessing about the ALJ‘s reasoning. See Weidlich, 2023 WL 8015753, at *2 (“the absence of a clear explanation violates SSR 96-8p and constitutes reversible error“); Hester v. Kijakazi, 2023 WL 9231653, at *3-4 (M.D. Ala. Dec. 4, 2023) (stating when the ALJ‘s decision lacks explanation, the court is prohibited from guessing at his reasoning); Gentle v. Kijakazi, 2023 WL 6379602, at *14 (N.D. Al. Sept. 30, 2023) (“[A] reviewing court is not permitted to guess why an ALJ found that a consultative opinion was not supported by the evidence.“). Because the ALJ failed to adequately explain and address the conflict between the RFC and a medical opinion she found partially persuasive, the ALJ‘s RFC determination is not supported by substantial evidence. See Weidlich, 2023 WL 8015753, at *2; Long v. O‘Malley, 2024 WL 1144961, at *4 (S.D. Ga. Feb. 21, 2024) (reversing and remanding when the ALJ failed to explain his reasoning for omitting limitations found in a persuasive medical opinion); Hester, 2023 WL 9231653, at *3-4 (reversing and remanding when the ALJ crafted an RFC that conflicted with a medical opinion deemed persuasive).
Although the ALJ‘s lack of explanation for omitting “short” from the RFC is error, it did not affect the ALJ‘s ultimate decision, and thus is harmless. See Sarli v. Berryhill, 817 F. App‘x 916, 917 (11th Cir. 2020) (“A harmless error—that is, one that does not affect the ALJ‘s ultimate decision—does not constitute a ground for dismissal.“) (citing Diorio v. Heckler, 721 F.2d 726, 728 (11th Cir. 1983)); Caldwell v. Barnhart, 261 F. App‘x 188, 190 (11th Cir. 2008) (“When, however, an incorrect application of the regulations results in harmless error because the correct application would not contradict the ALJ‘s ultimate findings, the ALJ‘s decision will stand.“). Limiting the RFC to short, simple instructions would not affect the ALJ‘s ultimate decision that there are a significant number of jobs in the national economy Plaintiff can perform. (R. 39.) The Eleventh Circuit has held as few
Plaintiff implausibly relies on the Eleventh Circuit‘s decision in Viverette to argue the harmless error doctrine should not apply. (Doc. No. 14 at 11.) In Viverette, the Eleventh Circuit reversed and remanded the case because of an apparent conflict between the RFC given to the VE and the GED reasoning level for two of the three occupations identified by the VE. Viverette v. Comm‘r of Soc. Sec., 13 F.4th 1309, 1317, 1319 (11th Cir. 2021). The Eleventh Circuit determined the ALJ‘s failure to address the conflict was not harmless, in part, because the ALJ did not make any findings about how many jobs were available in
Here, there was no apparent conflict between the RFC given to the VE and the GED reasoning level of the jobs identified by the VE. The ALJ gave the VE a hypothetical that included a limitation to simple instructions. (R. 58.) The Eleventh Circuit has held there is no apparent conflict between a limitation to simple instructions and a GED reasoning level of two. Buckwalter, 5 F.4th at 1323. Although the ALJ erroneously crafted the RFC, there was no apparent conflict between the RFC given to the VE and the VE‘s testimony. Further, unlike in Viverette, the ALJ made findings about how many jobs are available in the national economy for each representative occupation. (R. 40.) Additionally, the VE did not provide potentially overinflated job numbers, as the VE did in Viverette. Here, the VE testified the job numbers were DOT-specific. (R. 60-61.) Thus, Viverette is distinguishable.
Although the ALJ‘s unclear explanation for omitting “short” from the RFC is an error, it does not alter the ALJ‘s ultimate conclusion that Plaintiff can perform a significant number of jobs in the national economy. Thus, the ALJ‘s RFC determination is harmless error which does not warrant reversal.
B. Ability to Perform Simple Arithmetic
Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred when she failed to include Plaintiff‘s inability to perform simple arithmetic in the RFC. (Doc. No. 14 at 13.) Plaintiff avers this omission contradicts Nurse Practitioner (“NP“) Shaneika Shelton‘s disability evaluation, which is one of the medical opinions the ALJ found persuasive. (Id.) Plaintiff maintains NP Shelton‘s opinion shows Plaintiff could not perform GED math level one. (Id.) The
Here, NP Shelton‘s opinion and GED math level one are not clearly in conflict. The DOT defines GED math level one as the ability to: “[a]dd and subtract two-digit numbers. Multiply and divide 10‘s and 100‘s by 2, 3, 4, [and] 5. Perform the four basic arithmetic operations with coins as part of a dollar.” DOT, App‘x C – Components of the Definition Trailer, 1991 WL 688702 (Jan. 1, 2016). NP Shelton opined Plaintiff was unable to perform “serial 7 subtractions from 100” and “serial 4 additions from 1.” (R. 483.) However, NP Shelton also found Plaintiff correctly “calculated [two] out of three single-digit multiplication problems and [two] out of two simple word problems.” (Id.) Finally, NP Shelton concluded Plaintiff would not require assistance handling any awarded funds. (Id.) Although Plaintiff struggled with serial addition and subtraction, she was able to complete more complex multiplication and word problems. Thus, NP Shelton‘s opinion does not clearly conflict with the requirements of GED math level one.7 Furthermore, while the record shows Plaintiff was in special education math classes and has a relatively low IQ, the record also indicates Plaintiff is capable of paying bills, counting change, handling a savings account, and using a checkbook. (R. 103, 280.)
VI. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated, the Court finds the decision of the Commissioner is supported by substantial evidence and is in accordance with applicable law. Therefore, it is ORDERED as follows:
- Plaintiff‘s motion for summary judgment (Doc. No. 14) is DENIED.
- The Commissioner‘s motion for summary judgment (Doc. No. 22) is GRANTED.
- The decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED.
A separate judgment will issue.
DONE this 11th day of March, 2025.
JERUSHA T. ADAMS
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
