55 Colo. 187 | Colo. | 1913
delivered the opinion of the court.
1. The Rome Mining Company with 500,000 shares of capital stock, was incorporated October 8, 1881, in the state of New York for a period of 50 years. October 29., 1881, more than twenty years prior to the bringing of this action, it filed with the secretary of state of Colorado, its articles of incorporation, which have never been renewed. It appears its object was mining-in Park county, Colorado, with New York City, and Fairplay, Colorado, the principal places for carrying on its business. The company shortly after its organization acquired four mining locations in Park county upon which it soon exhausted its resources without developing- any values. Its mining operations failed, its claims were sold for taxes and a treasurer’s deed therefor executed May 4, 1898, to Morris Gummere. It possessed no other property and had ceased to hold stockholders’ meetings. In April, 1898, George R. Blanchard, who had been a trustee and president of the company since its organization, called a stockholders’ meeting to be held at the home office in New York. Pursuant to this call, a stockholders’ meeting was held on the 10th and 11th of May. The action taken at this meeting by the stockholders, and the subsequent action of the trustees on the 16th, based thereon, gives rise to this litigation.
Plaintiff’s father, Hugh Jewett, died March 6, 1898, owning- 53,320 shares of the stock of the company, and
There were represented at the May stockholders’ meeting including the Jewett stock, 262,470 shares, and excluding it, 209,150 shares. Julian ~W. Robbins, who had married plaintiff’s sister, attended this meeting as executor of the Jewett estate for the purpose of representing the Jewett stock. He knew the object of the meeting, and heard the resolution offered to convey the mining claims to Blanchard. He made no objection, but declined to vote the stock, and had the notation of its presence at the meeting, which the secretary made, withdrawn. This course was taken under the advice of the attorney for the Jewett estate. The 209,150 shares remaining after the withdrawal of the Jewett stock- were unanimously voted in favor of transferring the property to Blanchard, and the trustees were instructed to deed the claims to him in exchange for a certain contract, which he gave the compa'ny. Blanchard was promoting the idea of developing the property through a leasing company which, if it found merchantable ore, would pay a royalty to the Blanchard association, of which ten per cent was to be given to the Rome Mining Company. In accordance with the stockholders’ instructions at this meeting, and to carry out their agreement with Blanchard, four of the trustees met in board meeting May 16,1898, and directed the treasurer to make and deliver the deed to Blanchard, which was done. It was an open transaction made honestly and in good faith, without the slightest taint of actual fraud, and with no concealment, deception, secrecy, or moral turpitude of any kind whatever. The day Blanchard received the deed, he sent a circular letter to every stockholder, ex
There is no conflict in the proof. All the material facts are contained in the pleadings and the deposition of Brown, the secretary, taken in New York by the plaintiff, under the statute as upon cross examination, and this court may therefore, review and weigh the evidence unhampered by any finding of the trial court. An appeal was taken by George Holmes.
2. This is a stockholder’s suit to compel a return to the corporation of the property deeded Blanchard. Ordinarily a stockholder cannot maintain such an action. As a rule suits to enforce rights belonging to the corporation must be brought in its name and upon the action of the board of directors, and where a stockholder is permitted to bring such a suit, he acts for the corporation on the equitable ground that the officers who should have brought it in the name of the corporation refuse to act or are violating some trust reposed in them by the stockholders. While the stockholder is the nominal plaintiff, the suit involves only the rights of the corporation, and whatever relief is given, is obtained for it and in its name, and although the stockholder may ultimately benefit by the judgment, the corporation is the party directly interested. Byers v. Rollins, 13 Colo. 22, 21 Pac. 894; Peck v. Peck, 33 Colo. 421, 80 Pac. 1063;
3. A majority of the court are of the opinion that this suit should be reversed and dismissed for the following- reasons: First, to authorize plaintiff Jewett to maintain this action, he must shov»- that the board of dirctors refused to bring- the suit, and that he has done all in his power to obtain relief through the stockholders and failed; in other words it must be shown that relief cannot be obtained through the corporation. Deveny v. Hart Coal Co., 63 W. Va. 650, 60 S. E. 789; Foote v. Cunard M. Co., 17 Fed. 46; Dimpfell v. Ohio & C. Ry. Co., 110 U. S. 209, 28 L. Ed. 121, 3 S. C. Rep. 209; Taylor v. Holmes, 127 U. S. 489, 32 L. Ed. 179, 8 S. C. Rep. 1192; Beshoar v. Chappell, 6 Colo. App. 323, 40 Pac. 244; Wenzel v. Brewing Co., 48 S. C. 80, 26 S. E. 1; Dillon v. Lee, 110 Ia. 156, 81 N. W. 245. The evidence fails to show that Jewett made any demand or request upon the corporation to bring this suit or that he appealed to the stockholder’s for relief. Instead of that, the bringing of the action seems to have been kept a secret and sprung as a surprise. Plaintiff failed to aid the secretary in calling- a stockholders’ meeting, and did not attend the two or three which were attempted to be held. He made no request of Mr. or Mrs. Blanchard to reconvey the property to the company, nor upon the corporation or board of directors to bring a suit for its recovery. Second, this suit was not brought with due diligence. The stockholders’ meeting which elected directors and instructed them to deed the property to Blanchard was held in May, 1898, and was attended by Robbins, the executor -of the Hugh Jewett estate. He refused to vote the Jewett stock at this meeting, thereby
4. I am authorized to state that Mr. Justice G-abbert is of the further opinion the suit cannot be maintained in Colorado by the plaintiff on behalf of the corporation for the reason that the corporate existence of the Rome Mining Company expired by limitation in this state before the action was commenced. By section 499, Mills. Ann. Stats., foreign corporations are permitted to do business in this state by complying with the laws relative to such corporations, and are subject to “all the liabilities, restrictions and duties which are or may be imposed upon corporations of like, character organized under the general laws of this state, and shall have no greater or other powers.” A foreign corporation transacting business here, is subject to the same rules, regulations and restrictions applicable to domestic corporations, one of which is, that its corporate existence in this state shall not exceed 20 years from the time of filing its certificate of incorporation with the secretary of state, unless thereafter re
5. The writer is of the opinion that the Rome Mining Company was a foreign corporation' when the suit was brought, and that the district court in the exercise of its discretion should have refused to have entertained jurisdiction in the case, on account of its interference with the internal management of the affairs of a foreign corporation. I think the law is well settled that a court will not, in a minority stockholder’s suit, exercise the power of determining rights of a foreign corporation which depend on the internal management of its affairs. Madden v. Electric Light Co., 181 Pa., 617, 37 Atl. 817, 38 L. R. A. 638; McCloskey v. Snowden, 212 Pa., 249, 61 Atl. 796, 108 Am. St. 867; Wilkins v. Thorne, 60-Md., 253; North State Co. v. Field, 64 Md., 151, 20 Atl. 1039; Condon v. Mutual Res. Assn., 89 Md., 99, 42 Atl. 944, 44 L. R. A. 149, 73 Am. St. 169; Jackson v. Hooper, 76 N. J. Eq., 592, 75 Atl. Rep., 569, 27 L. R. A. (N. S.) 658; Berford v. Iron Mine, 56 N. Y. Sup. Ct., 236, 4 N. Y. S. 836; Howard v. Mutual Assn., 125 N. C. 49, 34 S. E. 199, 45 L. R. A., 857; 19 Am. & Eng. Ann. Cases, 84.
The rule is laid down in the last citation as follows:
“The rule has been stated in numerous cases that it is not within the judicial province of a court of one state to interfere with, supervise, or direct the internal affairs and management of a corporation existing by virtue of the laws of another state; or, in other words, that a court*196 will not take jurisdiction of the internal affairs of a foreign corporation.”
If the suit had the effect of determining a right which depended on the internal management of its affairs, the court should not have entertained it. The courts are equally harmonious in their definition of what constitutes interference with the management of the internal affairs of a foreign corporation. The syllabus of an opinion of the Court of Errors and Appeals of New Jersey, written by Judge Dill, states the definition as follows:
“Where an act complained of affects complainant solely in his capacity as a member of a corporation, whether as stockholder or officer, and is the act of the corporation whether acting in stockholders’ meeting or through the board of directors, such action is the management of the internal affairs of a corporation.”—Jackson v. Hooper, supra.
But there are limitations upon the rule and its definition, and the authorities may be grouped into two classes; those coming within the rule, and those falling within its limitations. If there is any apparent conflict, it comes from not distinguishing in which class a case falls. Cases coming within the limitations will usually be found to have some of the following characteristics: (1) Cases where the stockholder’s right is contractual, or (2) cases that affect him individually and not in his capacity as a stockholder or member of the corporation, or where he is affected in some peculiar manner; or (3) cases where the suit is brought for an accounting of funds converted, appropriated or embezzled, as in the case of a defaulting officer; or (4) cases to compel restoration of specific property, fraudulently appropriated, where the wrong’doer is personally subject to the jurisdiction of the court in which the suit is brought and relief can be afforded by acting directly on his person. Ah
In Babcock v. Farwell, 245 Ill., 34, 91 N. E. 683, 137 Am. St. 284, 19 Ann. Cas. 74, the court speaking in that case said:
“But here the relief sought substantially amounts to requiring resident directors to restore to it such sums of money as upon an accounting they shall he found to have unlawfully diverted and retained from it.” •
Which brings that case within the limitations. In the same case, speaking of actions to compel the restoration of property fraudulently appropriated, the court used this language:
“The corporation under such circumstances, may maintain a suit against the defaulting directors wherever they may he found, and there is no good reason why a stockholder who seeks to enforce precisely the same rights in favor of the corporation may not maintain a similar suit. Accordingly actions by minority stockholders in foreign corporations to redress grievances in corporate management have been sustained where the court obtained jurisdiction of the persons of the necessary parties and the relief sought could he accomplished by acting directly on the persons of the defendants. Where minority stockholders seek to have restored to the corporation property fraudulently appropriated to their own use by directors who, together with the corporation itself, are personally subject to the jurisdiction of the court, we think it is the better doctrine that the court should exercise its jurisdiction for the determination of the controversy.”
Wineburgh v. United States Co., 173 Mass., 60, 53 N. E. 145, 73 Am. St. 261, was an action against an officer of a foreign corporation domiciled in that state, for money
Harding v. American Glucose Co., 182 Ill., 551, 55 N. E. 577, 64 L. R. A. 738, 74 Am. St. 189, was a case where a foreign corporation was attempting to avoid an Illinois statute by doing a thing not permitted by a domestic corporation, and in no way involved internal management.
In Pinney v. Nelson, 183 U. S., 144, 46 L. Ed. 125, 22 S. C. Rep. 52, the stockholders of a Colorado corporation organized exclusively to do business in California, were held by their acts to have submitted themselves to personal liability in the latter state. The internal management of the affairs of the Colorado corporation was not involved.
Guilford v. W. U. Tel. Co., 59 Minn., 332, 61 N. W. 324, 50 Am. St. 407, was a case where a stockholder brought suit to compel the company to issue him a new certificate for one that had been lost. The court found and stated that it involved only his individual rights under a contract upon which the stock was issued, and in no way interfered with the internal management of the corporation.
A ground for bringing the suit here is that the property is situated in Park county. That makes no difference. In Madden v. Electric Light Co., supra, a case similar to this in many respects, it is said:
“It is immaterial that the visible, tangible property of the foreign corporation is situate within the state. ’ ’
In my judgment, this case falls squarely within the rule, and not within any of the limitations or exceptions. No contractual right of Jewett with the company is involved, and he is not affected individually or in any peculiar way from the other stockholders. It is the corporation that is affected. The suit is not for an accounting for funds or property fraudulently converted, ap
Reversed and remanded with directions to dismiss.
Reversed.
Decision en borne.
Mr. Justice Bailey and Mr. Justice Hill not participating.