HOLIDAY HAVEN MEMBERS, ASSOCIATION, INC. v. KENNETH PAULSON, et al.
Case No. 13CA13
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT HOCKING COUNTY
DATE JOURNALIZED: 9-8-14
2014-Ohio-3902
ABELE, P.J.
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT/ CROSS-APPELLEE: Raymond R. Michalski,1 222 South Broad Street, Lancaster, Ohio 43130
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES/ CROSS-APPELLANTS: James R. Kingsley, 157 West Main Street, Circleville, Ohio 43113
CIVIL APPEAL FROM COMMON PLEAS COURT
{1} This is an appeal and a cross-appeal from a Hocking County Common Pleas Court judgment in favor of Kenneth Paulson and Emily Paulson (Paulsons), defendants below and appellees herein, on the claims brought against them by the Holiday Haven Members Association, Inc. (Holiday Haven), plaintiff below and appellant herein.
FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DECLARING THAT THE APPELLANT HAS NO STANDING AND IS NOT THE REAL PARTY IN INTEREST FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF COSTS FOR MAINTAINING THE PRIVATE ROADS IN THE SUBJECT SUBDIVISION OVER WHICH THE APPELLEES HAVE AN EASEMENT FOR INGRESS AND EGRESS.”
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DECLARING THAT THE APPELLEES ARE NOT LIABLE FOR THE PAYMENT OF ASSESSMENTS FOR THE COST OF MAINTAINING THE PRIVATE ROADS IN THE SUBJECT SUBDIVISION OVER WHICH THE APPELLEES HAVE AN EASEMENT FOR INGRESS AND EGRESS.”
THIRD ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DECLARING THAT THE APPELLANT HAS NO STANDING AND IS NOT THE REAL PARTY IN INTEREST FOR THE PURPOSE OF REVIEWING AND APPROVING OR DISAPPROVING PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO BE CONSTRUCTED ON LOTS IN THE SUBJECT SUBDIVISION.”
FOURTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DECLARING THAT THE APPELLEES ARE PERMITTED TO CONSTRUCT A RESIDENCE ON THEIR LOTS IN THE SUBJECT SUBDIVISION WITHOUT FIRST SUBMITTING THE PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR SUCH AN IMPROVEMENT TO APPELLANT FOR APPROVAL.”
The Paulsons also assign the following the cross-assignment of error for consideration:
“DID THE TRIAL COURT COMMIT PREJUDICIAL ERROR WHEN IT DID NOT QUIET TITLE?”
” * * *
2. No building shall be erected on any of said lots other than one singe family dwelling or cottage with garage without permission.
3. No structure of a temporary nature, trailer, basement, tent, shack, garage, or other out-building shall be used on any lot at any time as a residence either temporary or permanent except by written permission of the sellers herein.
* * *
6. No building shall be erected on any lot until the plans and specifications theretofore have been approved in writing by the sellers herein.”
{4} On November 23, 1972, the Paulsons acquired lot one-hundred eight (108) from Holiday, Inc. Subsequently, Appellant Kenneth Paulson conveyed his one-half interest in that lot to his wife. In 1985, Appellant Kenneth Paulson acquired lots one hundred four and one hundred five (104 & 105) from Holiday, Inc.
{5} Although Hines, as principal for Holiday, Inc., initially maintained the properties including upkeep and the approval of building plans, the work eventually became overwhelming
{6} On December 13, 1994, Holiday, Inc., by and through Hines, its president, transferred some property to the homeowners association. However, that transfer did not include Holiday Haven No. 8 where the Paulsons own three lots. Over the years, Holiday Haven grew to include fifty-five members. Also, at the time of the trial court proceedings some thirteen additional property owners who, although not actual members of the association, paid dues for road maintenance. The Paulsons are not members of Holiday Haven and they did not voluntarily donate to the homeowners association.
{7} At first, Holiday Haven did not bill the Paulsons for road maintenance under the belief they had no right to do so. Subsequently, on counsel‘s advice, they began to send invoices. The Paulsons, believing that they are not bound by covenants to which they did not agree, refused to pay Holiday Haven and did not seek approval for plans to build structures on lots 94 & 95.
{8} On April 6, 2011, Holiday Haven commenced the instant action and alleged, inter alia, that the Paulsons (1) are in default of payment of road maintenance fees, and (2) did not receive approval for construction on lots 94 & 95. Holiday Haven sought an injunction against further construction, as well as damages for unpaid road maintenance fees. The Paulsons denied liability and counterclaimed for quiet title to their premises. Holiday Haven denied liability
{9} At the February 11, 2013 trial to the court, the evidence showed that the Paulsons did not pay any assessments for road maintenance, nor did they seek approval for the construction of structures. The trial court issued a detailed, twelve page opinion that ruled against Holiday Haven on its claims, and in favor of the Paulsons on the majority of their counterclaims. First, the trial court concluded that Holiday Haven is not the real party in interest and has no standing to bring this action. The court reasoned that no evidence shows that Holiday, Inc. transferred Holiday Haven No. 8 to the homeowners association. Thus, Holiday, Inc. still owned the property and Holiday Haven lacked standing to enforce the plat restrictions. Moreover, even if it did have standing, the trial court found nothing in the plat restrictions to allow the homeowners association to assess road maintenance fees. Further, the court found that the placement of a modular home did not violate the plat restrictions. Finally, the court ruled that it would “quiet” the Paulsons’ title as to “road assessments,” but would not do so as to the “restrictions.”2 This appeal followed.3
I
{10} We begin by noting our agreement with the trial court that the “Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions” of the Holiday Haven Community” (Declaration) has no bearing on this action. Mike Roth, Holiday Haven president at the time of the trial court
{11} A homeowners association agreement is, in essence, a contract. See O‘Bannon Meadows Homeowners Assn., Inc. v. O‘Bannon Properties, L.L.C., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012–10–073, 2013-Ohio-2395, at ¶19; also see Lisy v. Mayfair Estates Homeowners Assn., 9th Dist. Summit No. 25392, 2012-Ohio-68, at ¶29 (Dickinson, J., Concurring in Part). Also, a party must be a party to a contract to be bound by that contract. See, generally, State v. Jackson, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011–06–096, 2012-Ohio-4219, at ¶12 (“When a county prosecutor is not a party to a plea agreement, he or she is not bound by the terms of that agreement.“); N. Park Retirement Community Ctr., Inc. v. Sovran Cos., Ltd., 8th Dist. No. 96376, 2011-Ohio-5179, at ¶17 (“***agreements to arbitrate are matters of contract, a person who was not a party to an arbitration agreement cannot be forced to arbitrate.“).
{12} Because the Paulsons did not sign the Declaration, nor are they members of Holiday Haven, they cannot be held liable under the terms of the Declaration. Thus, we fully agree with the trial court that if the Paulsons could be liable to Holiday Haven, it must be under some actual servitude imposed on their land rather than the Declaration.
II
{13} We jointly consider Holiday Haven‘s first and third assignments of error that involve standing to bring the action. The homeowners association correctly states that our standard of review is de novo, but that is not because the remedy is a declaratory judgment (as Holiday Haven argues in its brief), but rather because a determination of standing is a question of law. See HSBC Bank USA, Natl. Assn. v. Bailey, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2012–T-0086, 2014-Ohio-246, at ¶43; Bank of New York Mellon v. Blouse, 12th Dist. Fayette No. CA2013-02-002, 2013-Ohio-4537, at ¶5; Johnson Invest. Group, L.L.C. v. Marcum, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 2012CA65, 2013-Ohio-3175, at ¶18.
{14} In the case at bar, it is clear that Holiday, Inc. platted Holiday Haven No. 8 and that Holiday, Inc. is the grantor of the Paulsons’ three lots. A plat map is one device used to create use restrictions on real estate. Middle Road Developers, L.C. v. Windmiller Design and Development Co., 746 N.W.2d 279 (IA.App. 2008). The purpose of a plat is to facilitate the sale of property in accordance with the terms and conditions of that plat. See C & D Partnership v. City of Gahanna, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 82AP-919, 1983 WL 3718 (Oct. 6, 1983) (Whiteside, J. Concurring). As such, Holiday, Inc., or its successor-in-interest, is the only party that may enforce the covenant. Here, the 1994 deed from Holiday, Inc. to Holiday Haven, as the trial court correctly notes, is insufficient to make the homeowner‘s association its successor-in-interest over Holiday Haven No. 8. That deed transferred two tracts of land: the first in “Section 34” of “Township 13” and “Section 3” of “Township 12,” and the second in “Section 3” of “Township 12.” The plat map shows that Holiday Haven No. 8 is in “Section 33” of “Township 13.” In short, the Paulsons’ lots are not included in the 1994 deed and Holiday Haven is not a party with the requisite standing to enforce the plat restrictions.
{15} Holiday Haven does not contest the fact that the 1994 deed did not cover the lots
{16} In its June 4, 2013 decision and judgment, the trial court stated that it would “disregard” these two instruments and the case would be decided on the 1994 deed. Holiday Haven argues that this constitutes error. We, however, readily agree with the trial court.
{17}
“(B) The affidavits provided for under this section may relate to the following matters:
(1) Age, sex, birth, death, capacity, relationship, family history, heirship, names, identity of parties, marriage, residence, or service in the armed forces;
(2) Possession;
(3) The happening of any condition or event that may create or terminate an estate or interest;
(4) The existence and location of monuments and physical boundaries, such as fences, streams, roads, and rights of way;
(5) In an affidavit of a registered surveyor, facts reconciling conflicts and ambiguities in descriptions of land in recorded instruments.”
{18} Finally, we note that a half century ago the Ohio Supreme Court spoke to the issue of standing to enforce a restrictive covenant on land. “If the restrictive covenant was enacted for the benefit of the one seeking to enforce it, he may do so, but the burden is upon him to show that such covenant restricting the use of the lands of another was intended to be for his benefit, and that he has an equitable interest in the other person‘s adherence to the covenant.” (Emphasis added.) Berger v. Van Sweringen Co., 6 Ohio St.2d 100, 102, 216 N.E.2d 54 (1966). This principle continues to be applied today. See e.g. Baker v. Adams, 3rd Dist. Logan No. 8-05-17, 2006-Ohio-3232, at ¶11. In the case sub judice, Holiday Haven has not, and cannot, satisfy this standard. The plat restrictions for Holiday Haven No. 8 were filed in 1973. Two decades later, the homeowners’ association was formed. Holiday Haven cannot claim that it was the intended
{19} Thus, for these reasons, we agree with the trial court that Holiday Haven lacked standing to enforce the plat restrictions. Accordingly, we find no merit to the first and third assignments of error and they are hereby overruled.
III
{20} In its second and fourth assignments of error, Holiday Haven aruges that the trial court erred by ruling that it could not (1) collect assessments from the Paulsons for road maintenance, and (2) require the Paulsons to submit building plans before they erect a structure on the properties. We realize that the trial court issued these rulings in the alternative, assuming that the homeowners association actually had standing. However, having ruled that the trial court correctly concluded that the homeowners association did not have standing to bring this action, any decision on these issues would amount to an advisory opinion. See, generally, Tewksbury v. Tewksbury, 194 Ohio App.3d 603, 2011-Ohio-3358, 957 N.E.2d 362, at ¶13; Dolan v. Glouster, 4th Dist. Athens Nos. 11CA18, 12CA1, 11CA19, 12CA6 & 11CA33, 2014-Ohio-2017, at ¶75. Therefore, we decline to pass on these questions and overrule the assignments of error as moot. See
IV
{21} The Paulsons’ cross-assignment of error asserts that although the trial court correctly granted the remedy of quiet title with regard to the road assessment bills, the court erred by not also granting quiet title with regard to the requirement that they seek approval for building plans.
{22} Quiet title rulings are reviewed under a manifest weight of the evidence standard.
{23} Here, the trial court‘s ruling is based almost entirely on the wording of the Holiday Haven No. 8 plat map. Because that map made no mention of assessing fees to maintain the subdivision roadways, sufficient evidence exists to rule against Holiday Haven on that issue. In short, no provision allows for the Paulsons to be assessed road maintenance fees.
{24} On the other hand, the plat map includes a provision to require the approval of structures before construction. Again, we decline to pass on the specifics of that provision because it would constitute an advisory opinion. However, the declarations in the plat map are sufficient to establish that someone has the authority to approve buildings constructed on the Paulsons’ lots. Thus, the trial court correctly opted not to quiet title on that issue as it appears that either Holiday or any future successor-in-interest may assert that right.
{25} Therefore, because we believe that sufficient evidence exists to support the trial court‘s finding, we hereby overrule the cross-assignment of error. Accordingly, having found no merit in the assignments of error or the cross-assignments of error, we hereby affirm the trial court‘s judgment.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
It is ordered the judgment be affirmed and that all parties split the costs herein taxed.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Hocking County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute that mandate pursuant to
McFarland, J. & Hoover, J.: Concur in Judgment & Opinion
For the Court
BY:________________________
Peter B. Abele
Presiding Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.