146 P. 603 | Wyo. | 1915
The plaintiff in error, PI. N. Holdsworth, brought this action to recover from the defendant, the Blyth and Fargo
“Chicago., III., March 18, 1910.
For Value Received, the undersigned promises to pay at Chicago, Ill., to the order of Puritan Mfg; Co. One Thousand Dollars as follows;
$1.000.00.12 Mos. after date.
$. Mos. after date.
$. Mos. after date.
$. Mos. after date.
$. Mos. after date.
$.'. Mos. after date.
A discount of six per cent will be given . if the full amount of this instrument is paid at maturity of first installment. Non-payment of any installment for more than 30 days after maturity renders remaining installments due at holder’s option.
P. O. Evanston, Wyo.
The Blytii & Fargo Co.
By Thos. BlyTit.”
Indorsements: “Apr. 11, 1910.” “Puritan' Mfg. Co., by M. H. Taylor,” “IT. N. Holdsworth.” “Pay any Bank or Banker, or order, Johnson County Savings Bank, Iowa City, Iowa. Guo. L. Falk, Cashier.”
It is alleged in the petition that the note was indorsed by the payee named therein to the plaintiff in due course of business before maturity and for a valuable consideration. That averment is denied by the answer, which, also, denies’that there is anything due to the plaintiff from the defendant upon said note,'and alleges in substance that by means of fraudulent representations as to the quality of certain articles of merchandise the defendant was induced to enter into an agreement in writing with the Puritan Manufacturing Company for the purchase of said articles, which agreement is set out in full in the answer, and that
Upon the trial the plaintiff offered the note in evidence and it was admitted upon proof tending to show that the signature of the maker thereof was that of Thomas Blyth, the president of the Blyth and Fargo Company. And no further evidence was produced or offered in the case on behalf of the plaintiff, except that upon cross-examination of the attorney for the plaintiff, who testified as to the signature of the maker of the note, he stated that he received the note after its maturity from an attorney residing at Iowa City, Iowa, representing the plaintiff; that the plaintiff resided in that city, and that it was, also, the
The evidence for the defendant established the following facts: The Puritan Manufacturing Company, represented in its contract with the defendant presently to be referred to as not incorporated, and as a manufacturer of jewelry and novelties, with its factory located at Iowa City, Iowa, and branch offices at Chicago, Winnipeg and Toronto, and furnishing the manufactured articles from the factory direct to the retailer, solicited, through its' agent and salesman, who represented himself to be also a partner in the concern, an order from the defendant, a corporation conducting a mercantile business at Evanston, in this state. The order was solicited for goods to be selected from samples exhibited at the time, and to be furnished by the selling company upon certain warranties, conditions and agreements stated in a printed form of contract, under a plan or scheme described or referred to therein as the ‘‘Piano Advertising Campaign," the details of which plan are not material here, but it may be said that it involved the furnishing by the selling company of certain advertising material in addition to any goods that might be ordered. Thereupon, on the 18th day of March, 1910, the defendant ordered from said company a list of goods amounting in price to $1,000 and entered into a contract with the company, using the printed form aforesaid, stating the terms and conditions of the order and sale, which contract recited the terms of payment to be 12 months from date, and contained among other provisions the following: "In consideration of purchaser complying with all the conditions of this order at the time and manner stated herein, and promptly meeting any obligation entered into with the Puritan Mfg. Co. and using ordinary diligence in the sale of these goods and reporting quarterly, itemizing goods on hand and unsold, The Puritan Mfg.
At the end of one year from the date, of the contract the defendant had sold of the goods furnished thereunder goods of the value, according to the- purchase price, of $141.06, and returned to the Puritan Manufacturing Company the remainder of the goods of the value, according to purchase price, of $858.94. During the year the goods were placed in the most prominent place in the store of defendant for display to customers, and the evidence tends to show at least ordinary diligence in disposing of them. Quarterly reports were sent by the defendant to the Puritan Manufacturing Company of the goods which had been received and remained unsold; such reports being sent in accordance with the agreement, each report giving an inventory of the goods remaining on hand. Prior to returning the goods the defendant requested direction from
We do not understand it to be contended that, as against the Puritan Manufacturing Company, the payee named in the note, the defendant would not be entitled to a credit upon the note for the goods returned. Without considering any of the warranties or guaranties contained in the contract for the sale of the goods as to their quality or saleable character or the purchaser’s profits, it is clear that under the provision of the contract binding the selling company to buy back at.the purchase price, at the expiration of one year from the. date of the contract, all goods then remaining on hand, the said company became indebted to the' defendant for the amount of the purchase price of the goods that remained on hand at the end of said period of one year and were returned; and the amount thereof would be allowable as a credit on the note had it been retained and sued on by said company. The right of the defendant to have the amount allowed as a credit in this action on the note brought by the plaintiff as indorsee and holder thereof depends upon the question whether the plaintiff is shown to be entitled to recover upon the note as the holder of a negotiable instrument in due course. The Negotiable Instruments Law defines a holder in due course as follows: “A holder in due course is a holder who has taken the - instrument under the following conditions : 1. That the instrument is complete and regular on its face. 2. That he became the holder of it before it was overdue, and without notice that it had been previously dishonored, if such was the fact. 3. That he took it in good faith and for value. 4. That at the time it was nego
When, therefore, the evidence of the plaintiff was closed, the note having been produced, offered and admitted in evidence, the plaintiff had shown himself prima facie to be a holder in due course and entitled to recover the full amount of the note with any-interest that might be due thereon. But Section 3217, which declares that every holder is deemed prima facie to be a holder in due course, contains other provisions material to this controversy, the whole section reading as follows: “Every holder is deemed prima facie to be a holder in due course; but when it is shown that the title of any person who has negotiated the instrument was defective, the burden is on the holder to prove that he or some person under whom he claims acquired the title as a holder in due course. But the last mentioned rule does not apply in favor of a party who became bound on the instrument prior to the acquisition of such defective title.” And Section 3213 prescribes what constitutes a defective title in one negotiating an in
The Negotiable Instruments Law of this state is the uniform law upon the subject adopted in a majority of the states, and it is well settled by the authorities construing and applying the provisions above quoted, and also in the absence of such statutory provisions, that where the instrument has been negotiated in violation of an agreement, the holder cannot rely merely upon the presumption that he is a holder in due course, but he must assume the burden of proving that fact; the mere production of the note or its admission in evidence being insufficient for that purpose. (McKnight v. Parsons, 136 Ia. 390, 113 N. W. 858, 125 Am. St. Rep.; 15 Ann. Cas. 665, and note to the case as reported in 22 L. R. A. (N. S.) 718; Bank of Bushnell v. Buck Bros. (Ia.) 142 N. W. 1004; Ireland v. Shore, (Kan.) 137 Pac. 926, 91 Kan. 326; National Revere Bank v. Morse, 163 Mass. 383; Brannan’s Neg. Instr. Law, (2nd Ed.) Sec. 59 and notes, pages 68-71.) And parol evidence is admissible to show an agreement that the instrument shall not be negotiated. (McKnight v. Parsons, supra; Beach v. Nevins, 89 C. C. A. 129, 162 Fed. 129, and case note in 18 L. R. A. (N. S.) 288.) Therefore, upon proof sufficient to establish the defense that the note, if negotiated at all, was negotiated in breach of faith, that is to say, in violation of the alleged agreement that the note should not be negotiated, but should remain in the possession of the payee until maturity so that the defendant, the maker, could be credited thereon with the purchase price of the goods returned in accordance with the agreement, it' became incumbent upon the plaintiff to prove that he became the holder of the note before it was overdue, that he took it in good faith and for value, and without
But it is contended that the evidence on the part of the defendant showing the agreement that the note was not to be negotiated was erroneously admitted .over plaintiff’s objection, for the reason that it tended to vary and contradict the written contract aforesaid entered into at the same time that the note was executed between the maker and payee thereof. The motion for new trial was insufficient to raise the question of error'in the admission of such evidence, for the reason that the only ground stated in the motion which would in any way refer to the matter is too general and indefinite, viz: “That the court erred in allowing evidence to be introduced over the objections and exceptions of the plaintiff.” Nor did the objections interposed to this evidence present to the trial court any point-now insisted upon. Upon the direct examination of Mr. Blyth, the president of the defendant company and the one who signed its name to the note, he was asked to state the circumstances under which the note was signed, and he stated that the note was attached to the contract and the agent with whom the contract was made said that the note would not be detached, negotiated or sold, but would remain in the possession of the company. Counsel for plaintiff then moved that the answer be stricken out as incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial and not the best evidence. The same witness, was afterwards asked to state what the understanding was between the Blyth and Fargo Company and the Piuritan Manufacturing Company at the time the contract and noté were signed as to the negotiation of the note. The question was objected to as “immaterial and irrelevant and not the best evidence, and for the reason that it makes no difference to an innocent person for value what understanding was had at the time this contract was signed.” When Mr. Barnes, the other witness for the defendant who testified as to this agreement, was asked if there was any agreement with reference to the
Some contention is made with reference to the statements in the contract to the effect that the agent of the selling company is merely a soliciting salesman, and that the purchaser must see to it that all arrangements pertaining to the order are shown “hereon” as none others will be recognized. We understand the contention to be that the agreement that the note would not be negotiated not being shown by the written contract is not entitled to considera-ion. There is nothing in the body of the contract stating or referring to the fact that the defendant had signed or was to sign a note for the price of the goods ordered. There was and is a paragraph in the printed form of contract under the heading of “Terms”, reading as follows: “If a signéd agreement for installment payments accompanies this order the amount of this order may be paid in six payments as follows: One-sixth in.months; one-sixth in.months; one-sixth in.months; one-sixth in.months; one-sixth in.months; one-sixth in.months. Otherwise terms are cash; 6 per cent if paid in 15 days; 90 days net.” The blanks in this paragraph were left unfilled, and the terms were stated in writing to be “twelve months from date”; these quoted words being written in the contract immediately following the printed heading “Terms”. We do not think the statement that all arrangements pertaining to the order must be shown on the contract necessarily applies or refers to the matter of detaching or negotiating the note given or to be given for the amount of the order. On the contrary it was entirely competent, in our opinion, for the defend