120 N.W. 547 | N.D. | 1909
Lead Opinion
This is an appeal from a judgment of the district court of Barnes county, and comes here for trial de novo under the provisions of section 7229, Rev. Codes 1905.
The facts -are not in dispute, and are briefly as follows: Alanson. L. Holcomb, deceased, and Lucy A. Holcomb, were husband and' wife. Emra J. Holcomb is the lawful issue of such marriage. In the fall of 1898 the said Alanson L. Holcomb and -his wife, Lucy,, together with their minor son Emra, went to reside upon the N. W. J4 of section 10, township 142 N. of range 57_W., in Barnes county, which real property was owned by the husband. Said real property-was th-e only real property owned by Alanson L. Holcomb, and the same was the homestead of himself and said family. In the spring-of 1905 the mother, with the consent of her husband, took her said' child to Oklahoma, where she was advised to go for her health, and remained until January 1906. During their absence, the husband and father remained in possession of the homestead. Upon her return from' Oklahoma, and for reasons which it is unnecessary to-mention, Lucy A. Holc-omb commenced divorce proceedings against her husband, which resulted on April 10, 1906, in a judgment in her favor divorcing her from her -said husband and by such judgment-she was awarded the custody of such minor child, and Alanson L. Holcomb, the defendant therein-, was adjudged to pay the sum of $100 per annum for the support and education of said minor child, which allowance w-as made a lien upon said land. A few days after
Claims aggregating a large amount were filed against said estate by creditors, and the sole question involved relates to 'the respective rights of such creditors and certain legal heirs other .than Emra J. Holcomb and the homestead claim of such minor child. The latter’s rights are wholly dependent for their validity upon the question whether Alanson L. Holcomb at the time of his death possessed a homestead right in said premises. It is a self-evident proposition that, if the father at the time of his death had no homestead right in the premises, the child can have none after his father’s death. The son, in other words, -could acquire no rights not vested in his father at the time of his death. The pertinent inquiry, therefore, is: Did Alanson L. Hol-comb, after the entry of the judgment -of divorce, continué to possess his homestead right in said -premises? If not, the judgment appealed from was clearly correct. By section 208 of the Constitution the legislative assembly is commanded to recognize the right of the debtor to enjoy the comforts an-d necessaries o-f life by wholesome laws exempting .from forced sale to all heads of families a homestead. Pursuant to this mandate, the Legislature, by the enactment -o-f Section 5049, Rev. Codes 1905, has exempted the homestead of every head of a family not exceeding in value $5,000, and by -section SOTO, Rev. Codes 190-5, the phrase “head of a family” is -defined as including “(1) the husband or wife when the claimant is a married person; but in n-o -case are both husband and wife entitled each to a homestead under -the provisions of this chapter. (2) Every person who has residing on the premises with him or her -and under his -or her -care and maintenance, either: (a) His -or her child or a child of his or her deceased wife or husband whether by birth or adoption; (b) a minor -brother or sister or the minor -child- of a deceased brother or sister; (c) a father,
It will thus be seen that, to be entitled to the homestead right or exemption, the person must be the “head of a family,” and, where such person is unmarried, he or she must have residing on the premises with him or her and under his or her care and maintenance one or more of the persons enumerated in subdivision 2, § 5070, Rev. Codes 1905, supra. By section 5071 it is provided that, “upon the death of a person in whom the title to real property constituting a homestead as defined in this chapter is vested, a homestead estate in such real property shall survive, descend, arid be distributed to the persons and in the order following: (1) To the surviving husband or wife for life; or (2) there being no. surviving husband or wife to the decedent’s minor child or children until the youngest attains majority; or (3) the surviving husband or wife dying before, then thereafter to the decedent’s minor child or children until- the youngest attains majority.” It is plain from the very language of the last section) that no homestead estate can survive, descend, or be’distributed to the persons therein mentioned' if the person having the title to such real property is not entitled to a homestead right therein at the time of his or her death. By the judgment in the divorce action the family ties were severed, and Alanson L. Holcomb became a single person, and it is not contended that he thereafter -had residing with him upon such land any of the persons mentioned in .section 5070, Rev. Codes 1905. The custody of the minor child, Emra, was by the judgment, awarded to his mother, and provision was therein made for the support and education of such child. No disposition was made of the homestead by the decree, and hence under the decision in Rosholt v. Mehus, 3 N. D. 513, 57 N. W. 783, 23 L. R. A. 239, it remained the property of Alanson L. Holcomb discharged from all rights or claims of the other party. From the fact that it remained the property of Alan-son it does not follow that it remained his homestead, and under section 5070, supra, it could not so. remain, as he was not the head of a family as therein defined. Regardless of what the rule may be in other states, it is very clear that under the provision of our Code relating to the homestead Alanson L. Holcomb, after the entry of
Most of the authorities relied upon by appellant’s counsel will be . found, upon examination, not in point. They were decided under statutes different from our Code or the facts were different.
The conclusion which we have reached upon the first point presented renders a consideration of the other propositions unnecessary.
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). Statutes such as are found in chapter 41 of our Civil Codes, including .sections 5070' and 5071, referred to in the majority opinion in this case, having for their purpose the conservation of homes and the protection from dependence and want of those members of a family who are helpless or otherwise unprovided for, proceed from a wise, humane, and benevolent purpose on the part of the legislator, and should be construed by the courts in the same liberal and generous spirit in which they are ordained. These statutes, especially in their exemption feature, are remedial in character, and should be interpreted in the spirit that will best carry into effect the remedy designed by the legislator. “The policy of the homestead law is the conservation of homes for the -good of the state. The mischief to be prevented by those laws is the breaking up of families and homes to the general injury of society and of the state. The remedy provided is the exemption of occupied family homes from the hammer of the executioner. Whether the exemption be only for the period of occupancy by the head of a family, or be extended during the life of his wife and the minority of his children, it is a remedy to be liberally accorded whenever
It is conceded by the majority opinion that until four days before his death Alansom L. Holcomb was the head of a family within the meaning of section 5071, and as such entitled to a homestead exemption in the property in question. He was at that time a married man and the father of a minor child dependent upon him for maintenance, although his wife aaid child were not actually -residing at his place of abode. Their residence, however, was constructively there, and, if during this period he had died, there is no question but that a homestead estate in his land might have been claimed the wife for her own benefit and the benefit of the child. If plaintiff was the head of a family at the .time the divorce was granted to the wife, he did not during the life of the child cease to be such by reason of the divorce. B3^ the divorce the marriage relation was dissolved, and the wife ceased to be a member of the family of which her husband was the head; but the mutual relation of Holcomb and the child was entirely unaffected. The child was not a party to the quarrel of its parents or to the divorce action, a<nd could not by reason thereof be deprived of the measure of protection vested in Halcomb for the benefit of the family, children as well as wife. Holcomb -under the decree of divorce was still liable for the .payment of a specific sum to be used for the support of the -child. This sum was not, however, “awarded” to the child as found by th-e district court in the sense that the child’s right to parental maintenance was limited thereby. The award was only t-o the wife, and simply limited the claim of the wife upon t-he
There is abundant authority for this conclusion. Walker v. Walker, 181 Ill. 260, 54 N. E. 956; Hall v. Fields, 81 Tex. 553, 17
These considerations impel me to a conclusion the opposite of that reached by my associates. In my opinion the decree of the district court vacating the order of the county court of Barnes county setting apart the homestead for the benefit of the minor child during its minority should be reversed, and the order of the county court restored and affirmed.