39 Conn. App. 485 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1995
The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether it was proper for the trial court to grant the respondent’s motion for summary judgment on a habeas corpus petition. The petitioner asserts that granting the motion was plain error as the rules of practice do not provide for such a motion in a habeas corpus proceeding. We agree and reverse the judgment of the trial court.
In 1987, the defendant was arrested in Indiana. A lieutenant and a patrolman from the Middletown police department went to Indiana in June of 1987 to interview the petitioner concerning a series of burglaries in Mid-dletown. After a conference that was attended by the Middletown officers, the petitioner, the petitioner’s Indiana attorney, Indiana police officers and representatives of the prosecutor’s office in Indiana, the defendant signed a letter of understanding regarding the status of criminal files in Connecticut and Indiana. Thereafter, the defendant waived extradition proceedings and was returned to the state of Connecticut.
The respondent filed an answer in June, 1993. On January 5, 1994, the respondent filed a motion for summary judgment alleging that as to count one “the plea canvass and sentencing transcript demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact.” The respondent also alleged that counts two, three and four were legally insufficient because (1) they failed to allege “cause and prejudice,” and (2) they failed to allege that the petitioner had not deliberately bypassed a direct appeal to the Appellate Court. A transcript of the plea and sentencing hearings was attached to the motion for summary judgment.
After hearing arguments, the trial court rendered summary judgment in favor of the respondent and stated in its articulation that “the court placed considerable emphasis on the plea and sentencing transcripts and carefully considered the same. Absent the plea and
This appeal ensued and the petitioner, for the first time, raises the claim that summary judgment is improper in a habeas corpus proceeding. Although he concedes that he did not object to the summary judgment on this ground in the trial court, he asks us to review this matter as plain error.
This court has stated that “[p]lain error is reserved for instances where the error is so obvious that it affects the fairness and integrity of and public confidence in the judicial proceedings . . . .” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Dime Savings Bank of New York v. Grisel, 36 Conn. App. 313, 318, 650 A.2d 1246 (1994). This court has also stated that “[w]e will, however, in the interest of justice notice [the] plain error notbroughtto the court’s attention.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Harris, 10 Conn. App. 217, 230, 522 A.2d 323 (1987). We conclude that plain error review is appropriate because the rules of practice do not authorize a summary judgment motion in habeas corpus cases.
The respondent asserts that summary judgment is appropriate because it is not specifically excluded by the rules of procedure governing habeas corpus. The respondent further asserts that because habeas corpus proceedings are civil cases, all of the motions and pleadings that are available in a civil case are available in the habeas corpus proceeding.
We note that only two pleadings are specifically provided for in habeas corpus proceedings.
There would be no need for Practice Book §§ 532 and 534 if the rules governing civil cases applied to habeas corpus proceedings. The parties would simply follow the rules that apply to civil cases generally. Furthermore, Practice Book § 534 allows further pleadings if required whereas a party in a civil case has a right to file a motion for summary judgment at any time with certain exceptions.
Although the respondent correctly asserts that habeas corpus matters are civil proceedings; see Collins v. York, 159 Conn. 150, 153, 267 A.2d 668 (1970); historically, habeas corpus pleadings have developed differently from those for other civil cases. “At common law habeas coipus was a formalistic proceeding. The application played no role in framing the issues, its only purpose being to secure the issuance of the writ. . . .
Prior to joining issue by the return, the respondent could have raised his claim that counts two, three and four are legally insufficient by a motion to quash pursuant to Practice Book § 532. “A motion to quash may be used to attack a writ of habeas corpus for defects appearing on the face of the writ. ... A motion to quash is the equivalent to a [motion to strike] a complaint in a civil action and seeks to test the legal sufficiency of the allegations of the petition.” (Citations omitted.) Santiago v. Warden, 27 Conn. App. 780, 784-85, 609 A.2d 1023, cert. denied, 223 Conn. 916, 614 A.2d 780 (1992). The respondent, therefore, was not without a remedy to attack the claimed insufficiency of the last three counts of the petition.
In addition to relying on the lack of authority in the rules of practice for a summary judgment motion, the petitioner argues that Mercer v. Commissioner of Correction, 230 Conn. 88, 644 A.2d 340 (1994), is disposi-tive.
We do not agree that Mercer is dispositive. In Mercer, the trial court reviewed the proceedings that resulted in the conviction and concluded that the petitioner had effective assistance of counsel. This decision was rendered without giving the petitioner an opportunity to present any type of evidence in support of his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Here, although the trial court similarly based its decision on a review of the plea process that led to the conviction, the petitioner had the opportunity to present documentary evidence in opposition to the motion for summary judgment. He in fact did present his own affidavit.
In addition to the history of habeas corpus proceedings and the lack of a rule of practice providing for summary judgment motions in habeas corpus cases, we find further support for our decision in General Statutes § 52-470 (a), which provides: “The court or judge hear
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded with direction to dismiss the motion for summary judgment as improper.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970).
The parties advised the court at oral argument that a number of rules regarding habeas corpus were being prepared for consideration by the judges of the Superior Court. One of the proposed rules would allow summary judgment motions in habeas corpus proceedings. This lends further credence to our conclusion that, absent a rule, summary judgment is not proper in a habeas corpus proceeding.
Practice Book § 379 provides in relevant part: “In any action . . . any party may move for a summary judgment at any time, except that the party must obtain the court’s permission to file a motion for summary judgment after the case has been placed on the assignment list or has been assigned for trial.”
Mercer v. Commissioner of Correction, supra, 230 Conn. 88, was released after the petitioner filed his brief.