87 F. 220 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey | 1898
Upon a final hearing in this cause the defendant was adjudged to have infringed the complainants’ patent, and an interlocutory decree was entered referring it to a master to ascertain and take and settle the account of the gains and profits, and to assess the damages, and to report thereon. See 65 Fed. 606, and 17 C. C. A. 410, 70 Fed. 781. The complainants are undertaking to prove the number of infringing machines made and sold by the defendant, and the amount of profits realized by defendant by the use of infringing devices. In the progress of the investigation the inquiry is sought to be extended to the manufácture of machines containing, as the complainants insist, their patented devices which have been adjudicated to be valid, and infringed by the defendant, but which the defendant claims are not within the decision of the court. The application now is that the court shall give its directions to the master to refuse to take evidence concerning ¿ny machines which the defendant may claim to be noninfringing machines until the court has had the opportunity to determine the question whether they be infringers or not. This does not seem to me to be in accordance with precedent or proper practice. The court appoints the master with special reference to his fitness to perform the duties imposed upon him. He is the court’s representative, and it is his duty to pass upon all the questions of procedure as they come before him. His action is subject to review of the court, but it must be only when he has concluded his labors, and the court has before it all the data upon which his conclusions are founded. The duty of the master is to hear the parties fully, “directing the mode in which the matters requiring evidence shall be proved before him,” as provided for in the seventy-seventh rule in equity. It is necessary that he should be given the power to avoid delays and confusion, and to relieve the court of the necessity of passing upon the materiality of every disputed question as it may arise in the progress of the hearing- Errors made by the
There cannot be any question that the beginning of the suit should not be the limit of time within which damages may be recovered for the use of the patented device. They should be computed to the time, as nearly as may be, of the coming iii of the master’s report; and the account should embrace not only the damages sustained by infringing machines made before the institution of the suit, but also those made afterwards, though the construction be different. Rubber Co. v. Goodyear, 9 Wall. 788; Edison Electric Light Co. v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., 54 Fed. 504. Whether the particular machines of the defendant in this case embody any of the claims of the complainants’ patent adjudged to be infringed by defendant is properly a question to be determined in the first instance by the master. As to the defendant’s responsibility to answer in damages for the use of machines covered by or substantially like those adjudicated upon, the master is hound hv the decree, and is not at liberty to take testimony or exercise his judgment; but, “if there is something claimed to be an infringement, which had not been passed upon by the decree, then the question concerning that would he open before the master to be passed upon by him.” Wooster v. Thornton, 26 Fed. 274. He cannot review the decree, and inquire into 1 lie prior state of the art. The master in this case is limited inhis inquiry as to whether the defendant’s machines are substantially similar to those adjudged by the court to he an infringement of the complainants’ patent. Upon this question of fact he should hear both the parties fully, and report his findings to the court. Upon the coming in of the report the parties can file their exceptions founded upon previous objections, and have the court pass upon their validity. It would be productive of interminable delay and much vexation if all the disputed questions upon a hearing before the master should, as they arise, he brought before the court for revision and approval. “The court may, but rarely will, interfere with the master’s rulings before his report is brought; before it for review.” Fost. Fed. Prac. § 313. Reference to the court as each question arises is improper. Rob. Pat. § 1157; Sugar Refinery v. Mathiesson, 24 Fed. Cas. 682. The motion to strike out the testimony will not; be allowed, and all matters pertaining to the merits will be deferred until the coming in of the master’s report.