9 Or. 200 | Or. | 1881
By the Court,
This is a suit in equity, to fix the liability and recover the amount of a certain indebtedness, against the stockholders of the above-named corporation. The allegations of insolvency, and the amount of the capital stock subscribed and unpaid, are not denied, and, of course, stand admitted.
The court below found that the corporation was indebted as alleged; was without any means or property, and insolvent and unable to pay the same, and that the defendant stockholders each subscribed the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, which was unpaid, and’ rendered judgment against the corporation for the amount of said indebtedness, and ordered that the plaintiffs have execution, as in actions at law, to enforce the decree against said defendants pro rata, to be computed by the clerk.
Before proceeding to pass upon the question submitted by the appellants, it becomes necessary to notice an objection of the respondents to the sufficiency of the complaint. The objection is, that a suit cannot be maintained against the stockholders of a corporation until a judgment has been obtained against the corporation, and an execution issued and returned nulla bona. This is the general rule, and ordinarily to be pursued, but it is subject to some modifications. With but one exception, all the authorities cited to sustain that proposition are from those states where statutes have made such a proceeding a prerequisite, before the liability of the stockholders can be enforced. But an examination of some of them will, at least, show instances in which the condition of the corporation, such as dissolution or insolvency, render this proceeding to judgment and return of execution nulla bona unnecessary. We have no legislation in respect to this matter.
In the case of Ladd & Bush v. Cartwright, 7 Oregon R.,
We do not understand that the court intended to convey the idea that if the corporation was shown to be insolvent, and without any assets or property whatsoever, it would nevertheless be necessary to impose the fruitless task and additional costs of obtaining judgment against the corporation, and a return of execution nulla bona.
“A judgment and execution unsatisfied are evidence of insolvency, of inability to collect. They are, however, evidence only, and the fact may be established as well by other evidence; among other modes, by assignment, and by continuous suspension of business, or other notorious indications.” (92 H. S. R., 161, and authorities cited.)
“Judgment, and execution returned nulla bona, only constitute one kind of proof of insolvency, although the proof may be declared to be sufficient by statute, it does not exclude other methods.” (Thompson on the Liability of Stockholders, secs. 320 and 321.)
All that certainly can be said is that the return of nulla bona is the best evidence of insolvency, and the failure to pursue this course may be supplied by other proof that the principal is notoriously unable to pay his debts. (2 American Leading Cases, and authorities cited.)
The law does not require useless things, and we are at a loss to conceive what possible object could be accomplished by bringing a suit against an insolvent corporation, except for the purpose of accumulating costs, and increasing the burdens of the stockholders. Admitted to be an insolvent corporation, and without any assets or property whatever, it
From the proceedings in this suit it appears that the whole amount of stock subscribed by each stockholder is unpaid. Our constitution provides that the stockholders of all corporations and joint stock companies shall be liable for the indebtedness of such corporation to the amount of their stock subscribed and unpaid, and no more. (Article 9, sec. 2.)
To the extent of the stock subscribed and unpaid, each stockholder is liable for the indebtedness of the corporation. It is a several, distinct and limited liability, as to which each stockholder stands alone, irrespective of the amount for which others are liable, except that if he pays more than his proportion of such debts, he may, as in other cases, have contribution from his co-shareholders. In the absence of any legislation providing for the enforcement of this liability, the implication of law is that the common law would supply a remedy.
Our predecessors, however, conceived that the remedy in equity, where the rights of the corporation, the stockholders and creditors, could all be adjusted in one suit, upon principles of equality and justice, would be more appropriate, adopted the remedy in equity for the enforcement of such liabilities. (Bush v. Cartwright, 7 Oregon R., 329.) And this suit is brought in pursuance of the remedy established as applicable to such cases, and is a sufficient answer to the argument that the action should be at law.
It seems that the only indebtedness of the corporation is the claim of the appellants, or at least that is all that is made to appear in this suit. The amount of stock subscribed and unpaid of each stockholder is more than sufficient, many
This mode secures the payment of the indebtedness rat-ably, fixes, according to the liability, the burdens of such payment, and avoids the necessity of a multiplicity of suits.
Eut the question is propounded, who is to lose in case some of the stockholders are insolvent — the stockholders, or the creditors ? Certainly not the creditors, so long as any of the stockholders, who are solvent, owe a sufficient amount on their stock to pay the indebtedness. In that event the indebtedness would have to be apportioned among those who were solvent, not to exceed, of course, the amount of each of such stockholder’s liability on his stock subscribed and unpaid.
It is claimed that this principle has been violated in the case under consideration; that in the apportionment no regard was paid to the solvency or insolvency of the stockholders, and that for this reason, a portion of the debt is uncollectible. This is mere assumption, and not sustained by the record.
There is not a single fact, or scintilla of evidence to be found anywhere, in the proceedings of this suit, to show that the fact of the insolvency of any one or more of th'e defendant stockholders was brought to the attention of the court. In the absence of any proof the court cannot distinguish the insolvent from the solvent stockholders, or do otherwise than to apportion the indebtedness among them, fixing each stockholder’s liability according to the amount of his stock subscribed and unpaid. How was the court to know who were