22 Mass. 296 | Mass. | 1827
It appears that the two depositions went to
the jury by accident. It likewise appears by the answers of eleven of the jurors, who were questioned in court, that the depositions were not read by them, and the remaining juror has made affidavit that they were not read by him, nor by any otner juror in his presence. We think it is sufficiently proved that they were not read, and that although the eleven jurors were not sworn to testify, yet that by their oath to give a true verdict they were as much bound to make true answers in court touching their verdict, as if they had been sworn specifically for that purpose.
These papers then having gone to the jury by accident, and not having been read by them, the question is whether there shall be a new trial. We are all of opinion, that if a paper not in evidence is delivered to the jury by design, by the party in whose favor the verdict is returned, the verdict shall be set aside, even if the paper is immaterial and this as a proper punishment for the party’s misconduct.
In regard to the direction of the judge, the statute of 182.6 was not adverted to at the trial, but the question stood on the common law ; and it is clear upon the authority of Alderman v. French and other cases which have been cited, that the jury should not have been instructed otherwise than they were. As to the statute, we think it doubtful whether it was intended to be applied to a case already pending ; we do not however decide on that ground ; for we are of opinion that the case before us does not come within the statute. The second section provides, that in an action for slander, wherever the defendant “ may plead the general issue, and also in justification that the words spoken were true, such plea in justification shall not be held or taken as evidence that the defendant spoke such words. Nor shall such plea of justification, if the defendant fail to establish it, be of itself proof of the malice of such words, but the jury shall decide upon the whole case, whether such special plea was or was not made with malicious intent.” This is a great departure from the common law of England and of this commonwealth.*
Judgment according to verdict
See Pierce v. Woodward, 6 Pick. 206; Parrott v. Thatcher, 9 Pick 426 Dorr v. Fenno, 12 Pick. 526 ; State v. Hascall, 6 N. Hamp. R. 361; Hackley v. Hastie, 3 Johns. R. 252; Taylor v. Greeley, 3 Greenl. 204; Haskell v. Becket, id. 92.
See Benson v. Fish, 6 Greenl. 141.
See State v. Hascall, 6 N. Hamp. R. 360; 1 Chitty on Crim. Law, (Amer. ed.) 633, 634, and notes; Rex v. Burdett, 1 Ld. Raym. 148.
This subject has again been reviewed by the legislature, and it has been enacted, that “ if the defendant in any action for slander or for publishing a libel, shall plead in his justification, that the words spoken or published were true, such plea, though not maintained by the evidence, shall not in any case be of itself proof of the malice alleged in the declaration.” Revised Stat. c. 100, § 19. A still later statute has abolished special pleading entirely, and all matters in defence may now be given in evidence under the general issue See St. 1836, c. 273.
But see Gould on Pl. 432, 433; Cilley v. Jenness 2 N. Hamp. R. 89; Whitaker v. Freeman. 1 Devereux. 280: Jackson v. Stetson, 15 Mass. R. Rand’s ed.) 52, n. (a), 58, n. (a). See Wilson v. Nations, 5 Yerger, 211.