292 N.W.2d 709 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1980
HINER
v.
STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION
HINER
v.
JELINEK
Michigan Court of Appeals.
George J. Parish, for Danny Hiner.
Lopatin, Miller, Bindes, Freedman & Bluestone (by Michael Gagleard), for plaintiffs Lorri Hiner, Darlene Duggan and Harold Duggan.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, and Carl K. Carlsen and Robert J. Eisenberg, Assistants Attorney General, for the State Highway Commission.
Freeman, McKenzie, Matthews, Scherer & Stepek, P.C., for defendant Oehmke.
*499 Before: R.B. BURNS, P.J., and M.F. CAVANAGH and D.E. HOLBROOK, JR., JJ.
D.E. HOLBROOK, JR., J.
Plaintiff Danny Hiner's car slid out of control on an icy bridge and was hit by another vehicle. Danny and Lorri Hiner were seriously injured and Vicki Duggan was killed. The bridge spans the I-94 expressway and is located on County Line Road, the common border of Macomb and St. Clair counties. Negligence actions were filed against the other driver, his employer and also against the county and state agencies for failure to post signs or give adequate warning of the dangerous and/or defective condition of the highway, particularly during inclement weather, which rendered it unsafe and unfit for travel. The pleadings, filed in Macomb County Circuit Court, listed as defendants: Joseph Jelinek; Joggle Tool & Die Co, a Michigan corporation; Lawrence Oehmke, individually and as Chairman of the Macomb County Road Commission; John Zoccola as Chairman of the Macomb County Board of Commissioners; U. Grant Burch, individually and as Chairman of the St. Clair County Road Commission; James Corden, individually and as Chairman of the St. Clair County Board of Commissioners; and the State of Michigan, State Highway Commission; jointly and severally.
The Macomb County Road Commission (MCRC), through its chairman Lawrence Oehmke, obtained summary judgment on grounds that the bridge was under the exclusive jurisdiction of the State Highway Commission. The State Highway Commission obtained accelerated judgment on the grounds that the Court of Claims had exclusive jurisdiction in actions against the state. Plaintiffs moved for reconsideration of the order dismissing the MCRC. They also filed suit against the State *500 Highway Commission in the Court of Claims and requested that the suit be moved to Macomb County Circuit Court and consolidated with the actions pending there. The Court of Claims found it unnecessary to rule upon the motion to consolidate as it granted summary judgment for the State Highway Commission on the basis that MCRC had jurisdiction over the bridge.
Plaintiffs appeal from the Macomb Circuit Court's "amended order for summary judgment on behalf of the Macomb County Road Commission" and from the Court of Claims grant of summary judgment for the State Highway Commission. Defendant Oehmke objects to this appeal on the basis that the MCRC was never a named defendant in this action. Apparently, plaintiffs and defendants originally understood the naming of Lawrence Oehmke to include the Commission. This is contrary to MCL 224.21; MSA 9.121 which provides in relevant part:
"Actions arising thereunder shall be brought against the board of county road commissioners of the county and service shall be made upon the clerk and upon the chairman of the board made defendant therein, which shall be named in the process as the `board of county road commissioners of the county of * * *.'"
Should this Court find that the MCRC was not a defendant, plaintiffs will not be able to correct the error because of the statute of limitations. There was no objection initially that MCRC was not named in the pleading. A case involving similar principles is Johr v Board of Supervisors of St Clair County, 38 Mich. 532, 535-536 (1878). In that case suit was instituted by the county in the name of "St. Clair supervisors" instead of the "County of St. Clair". The defendants, Johr, answered to the *501 merits, but on appeal objected that the county should have sued in its own name. In holding that the defect could be cured by an amendment the Court stated:
"There has been no room for dispute in regard to actual identity. There can be none. However called or named the plaintiff is the county of St. Clair.
"The true objection then is, that there is a misnomer; that the plaintiff below ought to have been designated The County of St. Clair and not The Board of Supervisors of the county of St. Clair."
The Court held the objection to have been waived analogizing that situation to similar ones involving corporations:
"`In suits or proceedings by or against any corporation, a mistake in the naming of such corporation shall be pleaded in abatement; and if not so pleaded shall be deemed to have been waived.'
* * *
"Conceding as before that in designating the plaintiff there was an error in the name, and supposing it not to have been waived, and still the judgment could not rightly be reversed on that account." Id., p 536.
In Kimbal & Austin Manufacturing Co v Vroman, 35 Mich. 310 (1877), the pleadings named the defendant as "William A. Tomlinson, as president for the time being of the Kimbal & Austin Manufacturing Company". At trial an amendment was allowed whereby Tomlinson's name and official character were stricken out, and the suit was left to stand as against the company by name. This was excepted to as creating a change of parties. The Court held:
"The statute [of amendment] was not intended to *502 allow changes in the parties actually supposed and intended to be brought before the court. It is only in case of an undesigned misnomer, and where the interests of substantial justice will allow it, without a real change in the identity of the opposing litigants, that such amendments should be permitted. Where, however, no substantial rights are affected, and it is clear what persons were meant to be reached, the law permits the record to be rectified by affixing the true name to the misnamed party." Id., p 319.
In the instant case no one was ignorant of the real object of the suit. Service was made upon the Clerk and upon the Chairman of the Board as required by statute precisely as it would have been had no mistake been made. Plaintiffs do not argue on appeal that summary judgment was improper as to Lawrence Oehmke, individually, or in his capacity as Chairman of the MCRC. Neither do they seek reversal of that order in their requested relief. This was not an issue in the lower court. The naming of Oehmke as defendant was an undesigned misnomer. No substantial rights of defendants were affected as it was always clear that plaintiffs intended to reach MCRC. Oehmke obtained summary judgment for the MCRC by arguing on the merits that the State Highway Commission had jurisdiction over the bridge; he did not argue back in 1975 that MCRC was not a properly named defendant to the suit. The objection was not pleaded then and it may not be pleaded now. The issue is waived.
Oehmke's procedural arguments are without merit. GCR 1963, 518.2 provides that a partial disposition does not terminate the action "as to any of the claims or parties" unless the court directs the entry of a final judgment. It also allows revision of an order at any time before a judgment adjudicating all the claims and all the rights of all *503 the parties. Under this subrule the trial court had power to revive the orders to make them final. Plaintiffs timely appealed from the final order.
We further find that the Court of Claims erred in granting the state's motion for summary judgment for lack of jurisdiction over the expressway overpass. Genuine issues as to material facts exist. This Court has held that the jurisdictional nature of a road is a question of fact. Robinson v Emmet County Road Comm, 72 Mich. App. 623, 641; 251 NW2d 90 (1976). We also find that the question of jurisdiction should be determined in a single forum in which a circuit judge sitting simultaneously as trial judge in the Court of Claims will have before him all relevant and necessary pleadings, affidavits, depositions, briefs and testimony. This would avoid the possibility of inconsistent findings, i.e., the Court of Claims finding that the State Highway Commission did not have jurisdiction and the circuit court finding that the MCRC did not have jurisdiction while obviously one or the other or both did have jurisdiction. MCL 600.6421; MSA 27A.6421:
"Cases in the court of claims may be joined for trial with cases arising out of the same transaction or series of transactions which are pending in any of the various circuits of the state. A case in the court of claims shall be tried and determined by the judge even though the circuit court action with which it may be joined is tried to a jury under the supervision of the same circuit judge."
Consolidation would promote the convenient administration of justice within the meaning of GCR 1963, 206.1(2). Freissler v State Highway Comm, 53 Mich. App. 530; 220 NW2d 141 (1974). Each plaintiff suffered a single indivisible injury as a *504 result of the automobile accident in question. It would be manifestly unjust and inequitable to force them to litigate the issues revolving around MCL 691.1402; MSA 3.996(102) in separate forums when there are obviously common issues of fact and law which would be better resolved in one action. Moreover, defendants would not be prejudiced in that they would still have the opportunity to fully argue their positions with respect to jurisdiction.
Reversed and remanded to the Macomb County Circuit Court for proceedings consistent with this opinion. No costs, a public question being involved.