137 Wis. 208 | Wis. | 1908
The grounds upon which judgment was rendered in favor of respondent are untenable, as the following will clearly indicate.
It was assumed by the trial court that the policy was the sole and separate property of respondent’s wife, when issued, but since there was no affirmative proof that she was alive at the time of the trial or if so that she was still respondent’s wife, the original situation was immaterial to his right to recover. Manifestly, those were not matters for appellant to maintain by evidence in the absence of proof to the contrary. By principles too familiar to require more than a mere statement thereof, the continuance of life and status as regards Julia Hilliard, the beneficiary named in the policy, is presumed till the presumption is rebutted by evidence. The case in this regard falls within the rule in State ex rel. Coffey v. Chittenden, 112 Wis. 569, 88 N. W. 587:
“When the existence of a person, a personal relation, or a state of things, is once established by proof, the law presumes that the person, relation, or state of things continues to exist as before, until the contrary is shown, or until a different presumption is raised, from the nature of the subject in question.”
It was error to hold, as was done, that, assuming the cause of action, if there were one, belonged to respondent’s wife, the proceeding in his name to enforce it was a mere failure to follow the command of the Code requiring all actions to be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest. The purpose of the requirement was to change the rule of the common law under which it was necessary, in some cases, to prosecute in the name of one though the avails of the litigation would belong to another, as for instance the assignee of a nonnegotiable promissory note, though in equity the absolute
“Under a general or specific denial of any part of a complaint, which plaintiff is required to prove to maintain his action, defendant may give evidence to disprove it”
It follows under the pleadings that it was essential for plaintiff to prove he owned the right claimed at the time the action was commenced.
By the terms of the policy, in order to impress thereon a surrender value, it was necessary to deliver back tire instrument and give sixty days’ notice in writing to the company. While the evidence shows the giving of notice to appellant, substantially informing it more than sixty days before the commencement of tire action of appellant’s intention to make the surrender and realize the advantages of the agreement as to a surrender value, there was no proof of such a surrender
If, in any view of the case, the errors committed in respect to nonsurrender of the policy before the commencement of the action being mere matter in abatement and waived because such nonsurrender was not specially pleaded, could be regarded as nonprejudicial, it would be difficult to see why the judgment appealed from should be disturbed. True, un
• “It is understood, that in the event of the surrender of this policy, the beneficiary hereunder shall have no claim whatever upon said company.”
We see no way of escaping the conclusion that such language should be read as a proviso to the clause making the policy payable to Mrs. Hilliard and, therefore, in that respect the. contract is not within the statute, if it he competent to make such a proviso. Upon principle there is certainly no such incompetency and there is no prohibition in respect to the matter, express or implied, in the written law, so far as we can discover. Possibly to incorporate such a provision in a contract which would otherwise be governed by the plain letter of the statute, is contrary to the legislative policy in respect to the rights of married women as to insurance contracts made for their benefit, but if liberty of contracting in respect to such matters can legitimately be taken away the restriction should be unmistakably expressed.
It must follow, as we view the matter, that under the terms of the policy the right to mature a claim for a surrender value is personal to respondent. If any one can recover on the claim made in the complaint respondent is that one.
We must still face the fact that when this action was.
It is the personal opinion of the writer that, in harmony with the law governing such situations as is here presented,, the orderly way to dispose of this ease is to reverse the judgment and remand the cause for dismissal with costs in favor of appellant. However, it is the opinion of the court that since the notice, seasonably given, fully informed appellant that respondent intended to surrender the policy and the commencement of the action was an unmistakable election to efficiently stand by such intention, and the attitude of appellant from first to last shows that it would not under any circumstances have paid a surrender value to respondent without judicial coercion, but have insisted, as it did under the circumstances which in fact occurred, that the policy could not be surrendered without consent of Mrs. Hilliard, or satisfactory proof being given of- her right having been extinguished by death or otherwise, the errors which resulted in the judgment are not really' prejudicial to appellant, unless it is excessive or because it was not conditioned upon a
Doubtless justice can be best promoted by giving the fullest offect which the court reasonably can to that beneficent •statute, to the end that justice between litigants may be attained as'speedily and economically as practicable. It has often been said here in terms or effect that regardless of how many errors may appear in proceedings resulting in a judgment, challenged upon appeal, and regardless of how plain or inexcusable such errors may appear, the judgment shpuld not be disturbed except in so far as it may appear that the opposite party was or probably may have been prejudiced by such errors. I would personally vindicate the correctness of that rule by applying it in judicial work with the greatest practicable freedom. I would hesitate in this case, in that its .•application would seem to’take from a party the benefit of objections legitimately made upon the trial and persisted in till this time, which had they been allowed would have been to his advantage in that it would have terminated the pending litigation in its favor instead of its being mulcted in the particular instance in costs. It seems by the trend of our decisions that is prejudice within the meaning of the statute. However, 7tis true that it is quite apparent appellant would never have paid the surrender value claimed without litigation attended with costs to the same extent as it will be bur-
A question is raised as to tbe .amount of tbe surrender ■value of the policy, under any circumstances, at the time the action was commenced. In our judgment that is plainly fixed by tbe terms of tbe contract at the amount claimed by respondent. Tbe language of tbe policy is very plain, that upon tbe performance of tbe specified conditions to which we have referred it shall have a surrender value of $162.09.
In harmony with what has been said it is tbe opinion of tbe court that a disposition of tbe appeal as indicated in tbe mandate will effectually cure, so far as any substantial injustice is concerned, all errors committed upon tbe trial.
By the Court. — Tbe judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to order judgment in plaintiff’s i’avor as prayed for in the complaint, conditioned upon bis ■delivering tbe policy'to defendant within thirty days after tbe filing of tbe remittitur in tbe trial court, or within such lime depositing it with the clerk of such court for the defendant and notifying it thereof, and in case such condition ■shall not be performed within such thirty days, then to render- judgment in appellant’s favor dismissing the cause with -costs.
Upon a motion by the appellant for a rehearing there was :a brief by A. B. Bushnell, appellant’s attorney, and a brief in Opposition by C. M. Milliard, respondent, in person.
The motion was denied December 15, 1908.