Hill v. Downes

| Mass. | Oct 21, 1878

Lord, J.

The decree of the presiding justice in this case must be affirmed. It is undoubtedly true that the testator intended that his widow should take nothing of his estate, as heir at; law to either of his children, if any of them should die dur ing her lifetime. This provision it was competent for him to make, if he used apt and sufficient words for that purpose. A testator may, by the use of appropriate language, prevent the operation of the statute of wills, or the statute of distributions upon property which he leaves, during the time in which he has power over the same. A testator cannot, however, give an absolute estate in fee simple to one, and then, making no other disposition of it, declare that it shall not descend in the manner provided by law.

We have said that it was, in this case, the intention of the testator that his widow should not take by inheritance any portion given to a child who-should die during her lifetime. This intent, as literally expressed, cannot be effected. We should, however, hold that such intent, if clearly discoverable from the will, though imperfectly and defectively expressed, should be carried out, if this could be done consistently with established rules of law, with the true principles of construction and with the general intent of the will. We find it difficult to do so without contravening each one of these elements.

While it is true that such intent existed, it is also entirely plain that it was not the only nor the leading intent of the testator ; but was subordinate tq the well-expressed intention that the children should take an absolute vested interest in all of what he should die possessed, subject only to the life estate of his widow. This general and controlling purpose is not only stated in apt and even technical language, but is thus stated repeatedly. The first clause of the will clearly manifests this; for, after giving all his estate, with unimportant exceptions, to his widow, during her widowhood, he adds, “ but in the event of her again marrying, or at the time of her decease, all the said real and personal estate of which she held the use and improvement is hereby given, bequeathed to my heirs at law.” His heirs at law were his four children, John Downes, Jr., Charles Albert Downes, Henry Hill Downes and Julia Maria Missroon. To each one of these four children he had given a specific legacy, of comparatively slight intrinsic value, except to Mrs. Miss, roan, to whom he gave one hundred dollars. After these foui legacies, he adds “All the foregoing legacies and bequests tí my children are in addition to their equal shares of my real and personal estate,” after the termination of the provision for theii mother. In the residuary clause of the will, after the mother’s estate is terminated, he says: “ I hereby give, bequeath and devise the said residue to my four children above named, to be divided in equal shares between them, to have and to hold the same to them my said children, their heirs and assigns forever.” It cannot be doubted that this language is technically accurate f02 the purpose of giving to each of the children a vested remainder. Then follows the language from which the apparent difficulty arises, “ and my said wife shall never, by the law of descent, become the heir to any or either of my children.” If it stopped there, it would have been clearly inoperative and void, as an attempt to alter the statute of distributions of the Commonwealth. But the clause proceeds, “ and if it should happen that any child of mine, holding property, should decease during the lifetime of its mother, the property thus left by such deceased child shall become, belong to and be received by the other surviving children or child.” This language is, in several respects, peculiarly infelicitous. In the first place, it literally refers to all such as the child should be possessed of in any mode; and is not only an alteration of the statute of distributions, but is a repeal of the statute of wills, taking away from persons of full age the power to dispose of their property by will. Of course, it could not be contended that such was the intent of the testator; but that the intent must be limited to the remainder of the estate given by the will. The expression, “ holding property,” would then create embarrassment. It is not easy to appreciate the precise idea which the scrivener had in his mind, when using the words “ holding property,” if the legatee was to have no property except upon condition of surviving the tenant for life, or her who was entitled to the income during life.

Whatever other purpose the testator had in his mind, this seems as clearly evident as if it were expressed in words, that it was the intention of the testator that the issue of a deceased child should take to the exclusion of other children of the testator. It is true that this intent is not found in the language we are commenting upon; but the previous language of the residuary clause, as well as the first clause of the will and the purpose to give equal shares to the several children, are con' elusive that the issue of a deceased child was to take the parent’s share.

There is another difficulty in attempting to give construction to the language used. The provision for the widow is limited to her widowhood. The clause in the will we are commenting cn relates to the death of a child during the lifetime of the mother, though her widowhood might have ceased years before, and the property have been for years in the possession of the child. It is suggested by counsel, that we may, for the purpose of carrying out the intention of the testator, insert the words “ intestate and without issue,’’ so that the will would read, “ if it should so happen that any child of mine, holding property, should decease intestate and without issue,” &c.; and, although not suggested by counsel, it would be necessary also to substitute “during the widowhood ” for the phrase “ during the lifetime.” It is undoubtedly true that words may be supplied, when the intention of the testator is entirely clears and the supplied words do not contravene any intent of the testator. Words cannot be supplied to create an intent; and if the intent is not manifest, the supplying of words is making a will for the testator, and not giving effect to his will. In this case, the words used by the testator do not express an intent which it was competent to the testator to have. We could insert words which would express an intent competent to him; and then we could insert other words which would make that intent consistent with the remainder of the will; but when we had done so, the inquiry would ■arise whether it was the will of the testator, or one made for lim. Upon what principle should we insert the word “ intes.ate,” or determine whether to insert the word “ unmarried,” or the word “married? ” We have no evidence from the will itself that the testator did not intend to prevent any portion of the residue from being diverted from the other children by will, as well as by inheritance by the mother. What words it is necessary to add, in order to carry out the intention of the testator, must be, at best, but conjectural; and, inasmuch as the litera* meaning of the language used cannot be attached to it, and a liberal construction of the language, in order to meet the testator’s views, will obviously contravene the prime intent of the testator, and as it is uncertain what words should be used to effectuate his purpose, the language used can only be considered inoperative and void; and in that case the true meaning of the will is expressed in the decree of the presiding judge.

JDecree affirmed, with costs to the plaintiff on the appeal.