242 Pa. 227 | Pa. | 1913
Opinion by
In the years 1904 and 1905 Andrew H. Hershey, Ezra M. Good and Christian H. Holt were the owners as tenants in common of several small islands in the Susquehana river, lying about 1,600 feet from the east shore, in Conestoga township, Lancaster County, and containing about 136 acres of land of which about 80 acres were subject to cultivation. There were also upon
The first assignment of error is to the admission in evidence of plaintiffs’ offer to prove by the witness Good, one of the plaintiffs, that the channel of the river was filled up by rock, caused by the blasting of defendant, to such an extent that it could no longer be operated, and also that the defendant “placed a pier or abutment of a bridge in the public road and likewise (on) a portion of the right of way over the public road, and absolutely destroyed the same.” Upon objection being made, the trial judge restricted the testimony to showing interference with the channel. Plaintiffs’ counsel then put this question to the witness: “Was the public road at which you landed then, practically wiped out by the construction of this company?” By the word “construction” was meant apparently the pier or abutment of the bridge mentioned in the former offer. The bridge was
The second assignment alleges error in refusing binding instructions for defendant. The third assignment is to the refusal to enter judgment for the defendant non obstante veredicto; and the fourth assignment alleges that the court below erred in entering judgment on the verdict. These assignments are all based upon the theory that the plaintiffs had no right to recover in this action. In support of their contention in this respect, counsel for defendant advance three reasons: 1. That as the action included a demand for exemplary or punitive damages which is not assignable, and as the suit was maintained by an assignee of the original plaintiff, no recovery could be had. 2. Because there was pending at the time a suit in equity in which the original plaintiffs had applied for an injunction to restrain the defendant, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, from carrying on blasting operations; and, 3. Because no damages could be recovered in a private action for the result of a public nuisance. None of these reasons seem to us to be well taken. As to the first one, the trial judge ruled squarely that under the evidence no recovery could be had for punitive damages, and he so instructed the jury. As to the second reason, — the pendency of the equity suit — that is a matter which should have been
As to the third reason, it is apparent that plaintiffs suffered some special damage from the public nuisance of which complaint was made, beyond that which affected the public at large; and because of the special injury suffered, they may recover damages. In Penna. & Ohio Canal Co. v. Graham, 63 Pa. 290, Mr. Justice Sharswood said (p. 296) : “It has been settled law from the year books downward, if a party has sustained any special damage from a public nuisance beyond that which affects the public at large, whether it be direct or consequential, an action will lie against the author of the nuisance, for redress.” As the evidence tended to show that the owners of the islands in question suffered some special damage, they were entitled to maintain an action therefor, and the court below could not therefore have entered judgment for defendant. Nor would it have been proper for him to have confined the recovery to a nominal sum. The jury were instructed that they might find nominal damages or a greater amount, in accordance as they should find the facts.
In the eighth assignment it is alleged that the court below erred in affirming plaintiffs’ second point for charge, which permitted the jury to award damages for obstructing a public road outside the right of way of the railroad company. We do not find in the record any evidence tending to show that the obstructions in the road could not have been removed, nor any evidence as to what the cost of such removal would have been. Nor was it shown that if they had been removed, the railroad bridge would not still have interfered with tha use of the road by plaintiffs. If the obstructions could have been
In affirming plaintiffs’ third point of which complaint is made in the ninth assignment of error, and in that part of the general charge which is set forth in the tenth assignment, the trial judge instructed the jury that the measure of damages was the difference between the market value of the land before the trespass was committed, and its market value afterwards. This is the correct rule in the case of a taking under the power of eminent domain, but that was not this case. “Where nothing is taken, but an injurious trespass is alleged, the question is, what will be the cost of restoring the thing injured to its former condition? If the cost of restoration will equal or exceed the value of the thing injured, then the value becomes the measure of the plaintiffs damages”: Lentz v. Carnegie, 145 Pa. 612 (627). It is true that the trial judge, after instructing the jury that the measure of damages would be the difference In the market value of the islands before and after the injury complained of, went on to say that if the islands were but slightly injured, not permanently or to the full extent of their market value, the measure of damages would be the cost of restoring the property, the channel, the buildings and the land, to the same condition as they were in before defendant commenced operations. We can hardly regard what was said in this connection as an adequate statement of the rule, or as sufficient to
Evidence as to the cost of removing the rocks from the channel is entirely lacking. An offer was made to show by the witness Shaw what it would cost per yard to remove the rock from the channel, and what the cost of restoring the channel to its original condition would be. These offers were excluded, when they should have been admitted; for they would have yielded the necessary information to enable the court to apply the proper measure of damages. Why counsel for defendant should have objected to these offers, is not apparent. They cannot now with very good grace complain of the trial judge for sustaining their objections, even though he erred in so doing. The result was to leave the record barren of evidence as to the cost of abating the nuisance. Yet this information was essential, as it would fix the measure of damages unless the cost of making good the injury would exceed the value of the property injured, in which case the value of the property at the time would become the measure of damages. This is in accordance with the clear rule of our cases: Lentz v. Carnegie, supra; Robb v. Carnegie, 145 Pa. 324; Eshleman v. Martic Township, 152 Pa. 68; Lucot v. Rodgers, 159 Pa. 58. No part of the land was here taken. The interference of which complaint was made was only with the river channel at one side of the islands, and with the roadway on the shore. Why access by flat boats or rafts to other points on the river, either up or down stream, could not have been had, did not appear. It may be from the character of the current or for some other reason, that connection with the shore at any other point than the one in question was impossible. But the verdict of $7,916 for damages to land left intact, which was assessed at a total valuation of only $800, seems to indicate that the jury could have had no clear or proper standard in mind by which to measure the damages.