Herndon v. BartlettHerndon v. Bartlett
— Bartlett declaired against Herndon in the'Court below, for breaking and entering his stable and close, breaking and destroying locks, &c. and for taking and сonverting to his own use, a horse of a particular description, there found.
The declaration contains- two counts, which are in the usuаl form of trespass quare clausum fregit et de bonis asportavit, and are similar to each other ins every respect except this: In the first, the defendant below, is charged to hаve broken and destroyed, divers locks, staples and hinges, and to have taken and converted the horse — -and in the second, the breaking and destroying of the locks, &c. are omitted: in neither count, is the trespass charged to have been unlawfully done.
The defendant below, pleaded, first — not guilty, on which issue was joined.
Second — To the first count of the declaration, a plea of liberum tenementum, in the usual form, as to the stable and close, but omitting to notice in any manner, the taking and convеrsion of the horse.
Thirdly — A similar plea to the second count.
Fourth — To the first count, not guilty as to breaking the locks, staples and hinges, and as to other trespasses, justifying on the ground, that he hаd been and was a tenant, in common with the plaintiff, of the horse, under divers titles; that the plaintiff had, before the commission of the trespassеs, appropriated the horse to his sole use, and excluded the defendant from any enjoyment or use of the same, and that he
Fifth — Also to the first count — not guilty as to all the breaking and damaging of locks- staples and hinges, except one small lock; and as to that, and the entering the close аnd stable, and taking off the horse, the same justification as set forth in the fourth plea.
Sixth — ‘To the second count, a justification as to' the breaking and entering the close and stable, for the same reasons as set forth in the two last mentioned pleas.
To all these pleas, a dеmurrer was filed, and the Court below, gave judgment sustaining the same. The cause was tried and a verdict found on the general issue, on which verdict and judgmеnt were rendered for the plaintiff.
The case is removed by the defendant below, to this Court by writ of error, and he now assigns in this Court for cause of rеversal of the judgment of the Court below,"that it erred in sustaining the demurrer to the several pleas.
The Court will first consider the fourth, fifth and sixth pleas; as the principles involved in each, are entirely similar to each other.
It is attempted to justify the breaking and entering the stable, andtaking off the horse, for the reason that the plaintiff and defendant were tenants in common, of the horse under divers titles, and because the plaintiff below, had excluded the defendant from the use of the horse, and had assumed the exclusive pos
It is'true that one tenant in common, cannot maintain аn action at law, against his co-tenant, for the taking of the chattel owned by them, unless the chat- , i i t tei be destroyed or so changed that thе possession can never be regained.
■ A sole owner would not be permitted thus to right himself, by committing a trespass on the lands, or in the house of one who might wrongfully withhold his property. That a tenant in common has no sucli right, is fully established by authority, if authority ° f ^ / can be required to support а proposition, apparently so clear.
It seems plain that there is no sufficient justification set out in the fourth, fifth and sixth pleas, and that thеre was no error in sustaining the demurerrs as to them.
The second and third pleas are supposed to rest on ground peculiar to them alone; it is admitted that they do not justify, or attempt to justify, the taking of the horse; that the defence set up by them, goes
The law is stated differently by two approved authors of treatise’ on pleading—Gould page 366, sustains the position that it is only necessary to answer as to the breaking and entering—while Chilly, page 497, maintains that is also necessary to justify, as to the asportation of the goods. The authorities cited by the latter, have been exаmined, and do not bear him out in laying down such a rule:
in the first case cited, Mr. Justice Buller, in his; opinion, fully sustains the position assumed by Judge Gould, and quotes a case as decided in the common pleas, where it was held that to an action of trespаss, for taking and converting to the defendant’s use, a halter, it was a good plea to justify as to the taking alone, and if the plaintiff desired to make the conversion the gist of the action, he should have replied it by way of novel assignment.
If this question was now, for the first time to be decided, we might feel a strong inclination to adopt the rule laid down by Mr. Chilly, and also to reject the plea of liberum tenementum, as amounting to the general issue, according to the оpinion of Chief Jus-^ tice Willes, in the case of Lambert vs Strother;
It is, perhaps, better to follow precedent, in matters of pleading and practicе, than to depart from known rules, although such rules may not receive our full assent to the reasons on which they are based.
Testing the secоnd and third pleas, by the rules we have extracted, they would seem to be good, and .to contain a full answer to the several counts they аssumed to answer; and if it was the desire of the plaintiff to recover damages for the conversion of the horse, he should have new assignеd, if he could not controvert the pleas, as pleaded — or if the stable and close, in truth, were his freehold, or he was entitled to the possession of the same-; — that he should have either taken issuе on the pleas, as presented, or have new assigned, setting forth his premises, or right of possession, with greater certainty.
The Court has omitted to notice the argument of counsel, on the omission of the word “ unlawfully In both counts of the declaration, it is alleged, that the taking was with forcе and arms, and we should be disposed to consider this a sufficient allegation of unlawfulness, did we deem it was necessary, to insert it in form or substance, in the declaration.
For the error of the Court below, in sustaining the demurrer to the second and third pleas in the record, the judgment must be reversed and the cause re manded.
Notes
Coke on Litt. m Chlt X57a<69173 2S¿adi7g
Reptile
653e™R
Taunt
HSastj
8 Term
2Colce Lítt.áoo b. iieadUi.
S East404 Willes m N. b.
3 Term Rep. 292. 5 Wilson R. 20. 1H. Black R. 555.
Willes, 318