221 N.W. 278 | Mich. | 1928
At the intersection of Gratiot and Grandy avenues, in the city of Detroit, two lines of street car tracks run approximately east and west on Gratiot and one line turns northerly on Grandy. On October 25, 1925, Herman Hering came to this intersection, inquired of the switchman, a 16-year old boy named Smitz, the way to reach a certain destination; was told to take a Baker car north on *295 Grandy and change to a Crosstown car. A Davison car stood at the switch waiting to go north. Hering could have taken that car to a Crosstown but was not so instructed. When talking with Smitz, Hering stood about opposite the front of the car, or two or three feet ahead of it. At once after directing Hering to take a Baker car, Smitz went to the switch and threw it. Hering moved from the place of his conversation with Smitz. The Davison car started around the curve. When the car was well around, Hering, facing the car, stooped to pick up some money on the street, was struck on the forehead by the abutment of the door some few inches from the rear of the car, thrown under the wheel of a passing truck, and received injuries from which he subsequently died.
The location of the Davison car at the switch was a regular stopping place for passengers. There were no marks to indicate a safety zone, but an ordinance of the city provided a safety zone at every established street car stop, to include a 5-foot strip the whole length of the car. The place of boarding the car was at the rear door, about 40 feet from where Hering first stood. The street was narrow. A line of automobiles stood south of the car and started when it began to move, but there was room for decedent to step out of danger. The Davison car started in the usual way and at the usual speed. The motorman did not see Hering at all. Hering was not told where to wait. The testimony did not show whether warning gong or alarm was sounded when the car started nor whether there was a conductor on the car. The ordinary overhang of the car beyond the rail was one foot, nine inches, and it increased to three feet, eleven inches, when the rear of the car was at the switch point. *296
Hering was 60 years old, retired as a farmer, engaged in teaming and selling real estate, was earning $10,000 per year, was acquainted with the city, and had brought produce to market for some 20 or 30 years. He lived at Royal Oak.
This is an action for damage for negligent injuries. The court directed a verdict for the defendants on the grounds both of contributory negligence of decedent and want of negligence by defendants.
Decedent had not offered to board a car, was not at the loading place, had not been invited or accepted as a passenger, and was not a passenger when struck. 10 C. J. pp. 611-617;Ramonas v. Railway Co.,
No similar case seems to have arisen in this State, but the applicable rules are well settled. The fact that a street car will overhang at the rear end in rounding a curve is of such common knowledge that pedestrians are presumed to know it, and the car operator has no duty to warn them of it. The motorman may assume that pedestrians will not put themselves in the way of the overhang, or, if in a place of danger, will step out when injury threatens. Consequently, the motorman is not bound to keep watch of the overhang zone until the rear of a car has cleared it, but is free to discharge his duty of lookout ahead and to operate his car in the manner generally recognized as careful. Gannaway v. Power Co.,
Special circumstances, however, impose special obligations upon the operator of a car rounding a curve. Thus, it is held that the duty to warn a pedestrian or to stop the car arises if the operator sees the pedestrian in a place of danger, apparently unaware of his peril. Texas Electric Ry. v. Couts
(Tex.Civ.App.),
The application of the general rules to the case at bar and its distinction from the exceptional cases are clear. The zone had no bearing on defendant's negligence, as it was not provided by defendant as a safe loading place, but was established by the city in its governmental capacity and the ordinance did not purport to interfere with the ordinary operation of street cars nor impose special duties upon the operators. The tracks gave decedent notice that the Davison car could and might turn north. His conversation *298
with the switchman contained no intimation or assurance that the car would go cast. Decedent moved, after his conversation with the switchman, and the motorman, had he seen decedent, would have had the right to assume that he would use due care in watching the car and would not put himself, or remain, in a place of peril. Gradyszewski v. Railway,
We fail to find evidence of negligence on the part of defendant, and the judgment is affirmed.
NORTH, FELLOWS, WIEST, CLARK, McDONALD, POTTER, and SHARPE, JJ., concurred.
