11 F. Cas. 1127 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Southern New York | 1878
In the summer of 1874, the respondent was engaged in the business of shipping ice from Dresden, Maine, to Brooklyn; New York, for sale to consumers. It had no storehouses in Brooklyn, but occupied a wharf in Wallabout Basin, for the purpose of unloading vessels. Its course of business was to send out from three to six vessels a week from Dresden, according to the demand in Brooklyn, and, upon the arrival of a vessel at Brooklyn, as sales were made to consumers, unload into carts upon the dock for delivery. All the work of unloading was done between sunrise and sunset, and the business was the most active in the morning and evening, but little being usually done at midday. The usual time for the discharge of a cargo of 235 tons was three days. On September 10th, 1874, the schooner Marcus Hunter, of which the libellant was master, took on at Dresden a cargo of 235 505/1000 tons, and sailed for Brooklyn. Her bill of lading stipulated that the ice and dunnage should be discharged by the respondent, with the assistance of the crew, but made no provision for demurrage or detention. The vessel was detained unusually long upon her voyage, by calm weather, fog, head winds, and the usual accidents of navigation, and did not arrive in Brooklyn until about the 27th of September. The usual voyage was four or five days. While she was on her way, twelve or fourteen other vessels were out All these vessels arrived about the same time. Five or six came in before she did, and the rest during the next three days. Upon his arrival, the libellant reported to the respondent, and asked to be unloaded. The vessels arriving before the Hunter were given the preference, and, .owing to the difficulty of disposing of their cargoes in the usual way, as well as the unusual accumulation of arrivals, she was detained with her load on board until October 9th. The respondent then made sale of six or seven cargoes, including that of the Hunter, at a great sacrifice, to the Washington Ice Company, which had storage houses, and at once sent her to that company to unload. This was completed the next day, and she was then ready to leave. The freight due upon the ice was not all paid before the libel was filed in this case, but, although, at first, objection was made against paying unless all claim for demurrage was released, before the libel was filed, this objection was waived, and an agreement made to pay, leaving the li-bellant to enforce his claim for detention as he might see fit. The most of the freight was paid before the libel was filed, and the balance, upon demand, a few days thereafter.
There being no special agreement, in this case, as to the time within which the vessel should be unloaded, the law implies that it was to be done within a reasonable time after her arrival. What is reasonable in a particular case depends upon the special circumstances of that case. The libellant is presumed to have known the course of dealing by the respondent with its shipments upon their arrival in Brooklyn, and to have assumed the risks of delay in discharging which were necessarily incident to such a mode of doing business. He might have protected himself against extraordinary detention by a stipulation to that effect in his bill of lading. Having failed to do this, all he can require of the respondent is to use proper diligence in taking off his cargo in the customary way. Under the application of this rule the respondent is not in fault. While there was delay in unloading, It happened through no neglect of the respondent. The unusual accumulation of vessels at Brooklyn, caused by the accidents of navigation, necessarily occasioned delay in unloading them in the customary way. This was one of the risks of the business in which the libellant accepted employment, and against which he should have made provision by special contract, if he desired to throw the loss upon the respondent The respondent used all the diligence which could properly be required of it, under the circumstances, to unload the vessel, after her arrival.
As the respondent had consented to pay the freight before the libel was filed, and the whole litigation has been in respect to the claim of damages for the detention, the. respondent, having in fact paid the freight in full, is entitled to costs. The libel is dismissed, with costs, in both courts.