11 Mo. App. 275 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1881
delivered the opinion of the court.
Heiman & Wall filed a petition alleging that Alice C. Fisher, with her husband’s assent, carried on business as,a. sole trader in millinery goods, all the property in the store in which she carried on her business, being her separate property; that Mrs. Fisher, on the faith of this separate estate, purchased for her business, goods of the plaintiff, for which she executed her note, on which $700 is due ; that the debt so created is a charge upon the estate ; that, by reckless management and fraudulent concealment of the proceeds of the sales, the stock has been reduced in value, in the three months preceding the filing of the petition, from $10,000 to $3,000; and that defendant has conveyed, assigned, and concealed her property to defraud her creditors, and is about to do so. The bill is filed on behalf of plaintiffs alone. The prayer is for an ' injunction restraining defendant from further dealing with the property in her store, and for a receiver.
A preliminary injunction was granted on plaintiffs giving bond. The receiver was appointed, and, under orders of the court, he sold the property at public sale. The net proceeds are about $1,000.
After defendant had filed an answer which admits the allegations of the petition, other simple contract creditors, whose claims together come to nearly $10,000, were permitted to intervene. They pray that their claims may be allowed pro rata with that of plaintiffs.
Muller. & Heath had begun proceedings to charge this same property of Mrs. Fisher for their bill against her for millinery furnished to her by them. They obtained judgment after the receiver was appointed in the present case, and were permitted to intervene. They, however, assume
To the intervening petitions of the creditors at large, plaintiffs demurred. The demurrer was overruled. The cause was referred, with directions to determine the amounts due on each claim. After the report of the referee and the submission of the cause, a decree was entered directing the receiver, after paying costs and expenses, to distribute the balance ratably between plaintiffs and the intervening creditors.
The effect of this decree is to leave to plaintiffs only a small’ percentage. They contend that, by their diligence, they have secured a priority.
It is argued that a married woman does not, by contracting debts, create any special relation between her creditors and her property, as by charging it, or create a trust-fund out of it; that the relation of a married woman to her creditor is that of an ordinary debtor; that there is nothing in the nature of the obligations of a married woman, not incident to ordinary simple contract debts, which can be held to give to her creditors a fixed determinate right to an equal satisfaction out of her separate estate, and that plaintiffs, on account of their diligence, are, under the circumstances of this case, entitled to be paid in full before anything is received by the intervening creditors who had not commenced suit.
By statute, in Missouri, the personal property belonging "to a woman at her marriage, or which she acquires during coverture, is legally hers. Alt v. Meyer, 8 Mo. App. 198. And, as we have repeatedly said, the contract of a married woman creates no lien upon her separate property. For reasons peculiar to the common law, however, .a judgment directly against a married woman is not permitted. ’ Coverture creates a disability; and, though the .married woman has property of her own, it would be en
Legal assets are such as constitute the fund for the payment of debts according to their legal priority. Equitable assets are such as can be reached only by the aid of a court of equity, and the established rule is, that assets which can only be reached in equity must be distributed. pari passu amongst all the creditors.
“ The question,” says Chancellor Walworth, in Purdy v. Doyle (1 Paige, 558), “is, whether the fund in court is legal or equitable assets. If it is such property as the judgment creditors could obtain a specific or general lien on at law, they are entitled to the fruits of their superior diligence so far as they have succeeded in getting such lien. But, if the property was in such a situation that it could not be reached by a judgment at law, and the fund is raised by a decree of court, and the creditors are obliged to come here to avail themselves of it, they will be paid on the footing of equality only.”
The rule is stated thus, in Morrice v. Bank of England (Cas. temp. Talb. 218) : “ The rule of this court with regard to equitable assets is, to put the creditors on an equal footing: so, where the assets are partly legal and partly equitable ; and though equity cannot take away the legal preference on legal assets, yet, if one creditor has been partly paid out of such legal assets, when satisfaction comes to be made out of the equitable assets, the court will defer him until there is equality of satisfaction to all the other-creditors out of the equitable assets proportionate to so much as the legal creditor has been satisfied out of the-legal assets.”
Undoubtedly, a court of equity, in appointing a receiver, does not disturb prior equities or interfere with liens acquired; but the receiver, when appointed, is .appointed for the benefit of all parties interested, and not in the first place for the benefit of those who applied for an injunction and to have the fund brought into court. Davis v. Duke, etc., 2 Swans. 146; Brainbridge v. Blair, 3 Beav. 423.
Appellants invoke the maxim that equity aids the vigilant, not those that slumber upon their rights. It cannot be said, however, that the intervening creditors have slumbered upon their rights. There is mo pretence that their claims are stale. The maxim is meant to discourage the presentation of stale demands irrespective of statutory limitation, and is another form of the maxim that he who seeks equity must do equity. It cannot be invoked to establish the doctrine that he who comes first must always be first served, where there is no lack of diligence on the part of those claiming a share of a common fund. 1 Pom. Eq. Jur. 459.
The precise question has been considered by the supreme court of Wisconsin, in Todd v. Lee (15 Wis. 365; s. c. 16 Wis. 488). It was ruled, that where a feme covert engages in business and contracts several debts at different times, when it comes to enforcing the payment of such debts out of her separate estate, the several creditors must be paid pari passu, and that the maxim of equality must apply. It is intimated that the actions (there were seven of them) ought to be consolidated into one in the nature of a suit in behalf of all the creditors of the separate estate, since all must share alike.
Whether the present action ought to have been brought qui tam or not, we need not consider; but it is manifest that, by framing it for his benefit alone, plaintiff could not bring the fund into court and then exclude the other creditors.
We are of opinion that there was no error in the order for a ratable distribution of the fund remaining in the receiver’s hands.
Appellants claim that the trial court erred as a matter of practice, in allowing intervening creditors having no lien upon the property to come in before the decree. The
We think the judgment of the circuit court should be affirmed. It is so ordered.