This еase is a challenge brought pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) 5 U.S.C. §§ 701-706, by Hеcla Mining Company (Hecla) to decisions of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made pursuant to §§ 304(i)(l)(B) and (C) of the Clean Water Act. 33 U.S.C. §§ 1314(0(D(B) and (C). The district сourt dismissed the action. We affirm for the reason that the challenged decisions of the EPA do not constitute the final agency action which is neсessary to state a cause of action under the Act.
Hecla operates the Lucky Friday Mine located along the Coeur d’Alene River in Idaho. In its mining process, toxic pollutants are discharged into the river.
Thе Clean Water Act prohibits the discharge of any pollutants from a point source unless the discharge complies with the terms of a National Pоllutant Discharge Elimination Systems (“NPDES”) permit. The EPA has granted authority to 39 states to issuе these permits. Idaho is not one of them. The Clean Water Act was amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987 (33 U.S.C. § 1311 et seq.) which placed greater emphаsis on attaining state water quality standards. In order to attain water quality standards for toxic pollutants, § 304(0 requires states to submit to the EPA lists of, inter alia, (1) the state’s navigablе waters that, after the application of technology based controls, are not expected to meet prescribed water quаlity standards (the B list), and (2) those point sources discharging toxic pollutants that аre responsible for impairing the achievement of water quality standards for the waters on List B (the C list).
The State of Idaho submitted its B and C lists to the EPA. Upon receipt of the lists, the EPA issued a proposed decision approving in part and disapproving in part the Idaho lists because they were underinеlusive. The EPA then initiated a 120-day public comment period regarding the pоssible addition of waters and point sources to the Idaho lists. The EPA, after thе public comment period, issued a proposal to amend Idaho’s B list to include the South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River and include the Lucky Friday Mine on the C list. Following a public comment period on its proposal, thе EPA issued a decision adding the river and the mine to the appropriate lists.
Hecla in this action contends that the EPA exceeded its authority when, аfter it approved Idaho’s B and C lists, it unilaterally amended them. It contends that the decision of the EPA to include the South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River аnd the Lucky Friday Mine on Idaho’s lists is final agency action because the dеcisions are final. It asserts that the river and mine are on the lists and that is a final decision.
We hold that the decision to include the river and mine on the lists is not the final agency action necessary to state a cause оf action under § 704 of the APA. Finality of an agency action turns on whether the аction was a definitive statement of the agency’s position, had a direct and immediate effect on the day to day business of the complaining party, had the status of law and whether immediate compliance with thе decision is expected.
F.T.C. v. Standard Oil Co.,
We concur with the Third and Fourth Circuits in concluding thаt EPA listing decisions do not constitute final agency action. Both circuits have held that listing decisions are merely preliminary steps in the § 304(i) process.
Munic. Auth. of Bor. of St. Marys v. E.P.A.,
In this еase, the final agency decision that will require action on the pаrt of Hecla is the issuance of a final NPDES permit. Until such a permit is issued therе is no definitive statement on the EPA’s position and no rules are established with which immediate compliance is required. Administrative agency action thаt serves only to initiate proceedings does not have the status of law or a direct and immediate effect on the day to day business of the complaining party.
The judgment of the district court dismissing the action is AFFIRMED.