59 Colo. 545 | Colo. | 1915
delivered the opinion of the court.
For several years prior to March 15th, 1905, when he died, William Bohanna had been a member of thé Woodmen of the World, holding therein a death benefit certificate for $2,000.00. He was affiliated with Silver State Camp, at Denver, of which John H. Bergen was clerk. The society refused to pay the benefit, and Mary Bohanna, his widow, brought this action to enforce collection.
The complaint is in the usual form, and states a cause of action upon the theory that Bohanna died while in good standing. The answer pleaded the provisions of the constitution of the order, which regulates the payment of as
The evidence abundantly establishes that, from practically the earliest connection of Bohanna with the society, the custom and practice prevailed of allowing the insured to pay his monthly assessments after due, as it suited his convenience, usually about the 25th of the succeeding month, and in several instances even later. This is shown not only by official receipts of Clerk Bergen, but is supported by the testimony of Bergen himself on cross examination. Bergen testified that under the arrangement with Bohanna he, Bergen, had agreed, out of his own pocket, to advance the money, and promptly pay the monthly assessments on Bohanna’s certificate, solely for the accommodation and benefit of Bo-' hanna, which agreement he had carried out up to October, 1904, when he notified Bohanna that he would no longer continue the practice. The record testimony, however, shows conclusively that the money with which these assessments were paid actually came out of the funds of the society, and was not, in fact, paid by Bergen; that while it is shown that Bergen was responsible too, and had to account to the society
Upon the question of the termination of the agreement to carry Bohanna, Bergen testified that in October, 1904, he notified Bohanna that he would no longer continue to do so, but that he must pay his assessments promptly, and this testimony is corroborated by the testimony of Bergen’s son. As against this a witness by the name of Smith testified that, after the death of Bohanna, Bergen said to him, “I wish to God I had carried that man, and had promised I would.” So upon the question as to the abrogation of the agreement or custom there was conflicting testimony sufficient to require its submission to the jury.
By the uncontradicted evidence a course of dealing with .Bohanna is established, whereby for years he was permitted to pay his monthly assessments long after they were due, with full knowledge on the part of the Head Camp, for Bergen’s knowledge was its knowledge, a proposition fully supported by this court. Supreme Lodge, Knights of Honor, v. Davis, 26 Colo. 252, 58 Pac. 595. Was that custom and practice abrogated in October, 1904, as Bergen testified it was? As has already been seen on this point the evidence is in conflict. The jury found that issue against the society, and by such finding this court is bound.
It is firmly established by the decisions of practically every court of last resort in this country, including the United States Supreme Court, that, where by a course of dealing, a company like this has led a member to believe and understand that prompt payment of assessments will not be required, but that they will -be received and accepted after due, and that he will be considered in good standing, and will not be required to apply for and secure reinstatement, the company will be held to have waived prompt payment, and the member will be deemed to be legally in good standing for such reasonable time after an assessment is delinquent as has theretofore customarily been allowed him in
When by the uncontradicted and undisputed testimony plaintiff established that it was the custom of the society to receive assessments from her husband after due, that raised a presumption that it was because of his reliance upon such custom that he failed to pay promptly the assessment in question. She thus carried the burden of showing such reliance. Under such circumstances it was not error for the could; to charge, as it did in instruction 3, to which objection is made, that the burden of overcoming the fact of such reliance was upon the society. Such was" the effect and could be the only effect, under the facts of this case, of that instruction. While not happily expressed, still this instruction simply placed upon the defendant, where it properly belonged the burden of overcoming a presumption, arising out of undisputed testimony in favor of plaintiff, and could therefore have been neither misleading nor otherwise prejudicial.
It is contended that because the assessment for the month of February has never been paid the society, upon no theory, is liable. We have already determined that, because
If mutual benefit societies desire to avoid situations such as this case presents, they must firmly adhere to their constitutions and laws, and insist upon their strict enforcement.
Judgment affirmed.