244 Ga. 165
Ga.
1979

Lead Opinion

Bowles, Justice.

Cеrtiorari was . granted in this case to review the holding of the Court of Appeals in Haygood v. Home Transportation Co., 149 Ga. App. 229 (253 SE2d 805) (1979). There, the Court of Appeаls affirmed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to Home Transportation Company, holding that Home Transportatiоn Company, as statutory employer of petitioner’s deceased husband, was liable to petitioner under the Workers’ Compensation Act, and that the collection of compensation from Home Transportation as the statutory employer barred recovery by Mrs. Haygood against it. The facts, which are set forth in the Court of Appeals’ opinion, will be briefly stated.

Home Transportation had a contract with one McElhenney, an independent contractor, to furnish Home Transportation with an interstate driver and rig. McElhenney emрloyed Mr. Haygood, petitioner’s now deceased husband, to drive for Home Transportation in furtherance of the contract. As McElhenney employed less than three ‍‌‌‌​​​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‍employees, the Workers’ Compensatiоn Act did not apply to him or his employees. Code Ann. § 114-107. Home Transportation as "principal,” paid workеrs’ compensation premiums to its carrier and covered Haygood as a statutory employee. At the time of his death, Haygood was driving for the benefit of Home Transportation.

Following Haygood’s death, Home Trаnsportation Company and its insurer filed the necessary forms with the State Board of Workers’ Compensation and paid to Mrs. Haygood the requisite funeral expenses and allowable death benefits. After accepting these benefits, Mrs. Haygood filed a suit for wrongful death against Home Transportation Company alleging that their *166negligence brought about her husband’s death.

Hоme Transportation Company answered denying liability and filed a motion for summary judgment on the ground that Mrs. Haygood hаd been paid benefits pursuant to the Workers’ Compensation Act, and was barred from further recovery under Cоde Ann. § 114-103 which provides: "The rights and the remedies herein granted to an employee shall exclude all other rights and remedies of such employee, his personal representative, parents, dependents, or next of kin, at common law or otherwise, on account of such injury, loss of service or death: Provided, however, that no employee shall be deprived of any right to bring an action against any third-party tortfeasor.” The trial court granted respondent’s motion for summary judgment. The Court of Appeals affirmed.

We agree with the Court of Appeals’ determination that Haygood was a statutory ‍‌‌‌​​​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‍employee of Home Transportation Company under Code Ann. § 114-112. See American Mut. Liab. Ins. Co. v. Fuller, 123 Ga. App. 585 (181 SE2d 876) (1971). Therefore, Home Transportation Company was required by law to comply with Workers’ Cоmpensation Act in respect to its relationship with Haygood. Additionally, we find that the Board of Workers’ Compеnsation approved an agreement to payment of benefits, entered into and signed by Mrs. Haygood. Thereafter, the award had the effect of a final judgment. Code Ann. § 114-705. "An agreement fixing compensation between thе employer and the employee, approved by the Board of Workmen’s Compensation, and not аppealed from, is res judicata as to the matters therein determined, and the parties are preсluded from thereafter contradicting or challenging the matters thus agreed upon.” Aetna Ins. Co. v. Gipson, 104 Ga. App. 108, 110 (121 SE2d 256) (1961).

Under the facts in this case, it сannot be said that the payment of benefits by Home Transportation Company to Mrs. Haygood was voluntary. Hоme Transportation Company was bound to make payments in accordance with the terms of the agrеement entered into by the parties and approved by the Board of Workers’ Compensation. Thereаfter, Mrs. Haygood was excluded *167by law under Code Ann. § 114-103 from pursuing a wrongful death action against Home Transportatiоn Company. ‍‌‌‌​​​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‍The Court of Appeals was correct in affirming the trial court’s grant of summary judgment.

Submitted June 12, 1979 Decided September 7, 1979. Long, Weinberg, Ansley & Wheeler, Sidney F. Wheeler, Dan B. Wingate, for appellant. Freeman & Hawkins, J. Bruce Welch, H. Lane Young, for appellees.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices conсur, except Jordan, J., who concurs specially.



Concurrence Opinion

Jordan, Justice,

concurring specially.

I agree with the result in this case, although I fail to see how thе majority could have reached it without even mentioning the nature of the relationship between McElhennеy and Home Transportation. The contract between McElhenney and Home Transportation used the wоrds "independent contractor” to describe their relationship, and both appellate courts writing on this case have recited this fact at the outset of their opinions.

The case of Blair v. Smith, 201 Ga. 747 (41 SE2d 133) (1947) plainly states that general contraсtors who hire independent contractors for part of their work are not responsible for providing workеrs’ ‍‌‌‌​​​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‍compensation coverage for employees of the independent contractor. Accord, Mosley v. George A. Fuller Co., 250 F2d 686 (5th Cir. 1957); BLI Const. Co. v. Knowles, 123 Ga. App. 588 (181 SE2d879) (1971); Irving v. Home Acc. Ins. Co., 36 Ga. App. 551 (137 SE 105) (1926); Zurich General Acc. &c. Ins. Co. v. Lee, 36 Ga. App. 248 (136 SE 173) (1926). It must be remembered that B lair was decided under the same Code Ann. § 114-112 we consider today with the exception of the 1969 amendment which provided that employees denied coverage as a result of Code Ann. § 114-107 may sue the principal contractor directly if entitled.

There is also authority distinguishing Blair, namely Jackson v. J. B. Rush Const. Co., 134 Ga. App. 445 (214 SE2d 710) (1975), the difference relied on being that in *168Blair, plaintiff Smith was compensated by his immediate employer prior to suing Blair in tort, and not by Blair itself as opposed to. the situation here and in Jackson. However, Jackson does not discuss, and nowhere is it indicated as being relevant, the nature of the relationship ‍‌‌‌​​​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‍between the immediate employer and the general contractor — the very essence of the Blair opinion.

I think the cоurt is correct in expanding the meaning of the word "subcontractor” to include independent contractors, though accomplishing this sub silentio. However, in so doing I respectfully submit that the majority should have overruled Blair v. Smith, supra, to avoid confusion in the future. For this reason, I concur in the judgment only.