Hayes v. Palmer

| Superior Court of New Hampshire | Dec 15, 1850

Eell, J.

The motion in arrest of judgment must prevail. The statute provision, authorising the order to warn to be directed to a private, is as follows: “ Whenever the Captain shall parade his company, he shall issue his orders to one or more of the sergeants, if any, not being the orderly sergeant, otherwise to one or more privates of his company, requiring them to warn,” &c. Rev. Stat. ch. 78, § 1. By this provision the right to order a private to warn depends upon the fact that there is then no sergeant of the company, except the clerk. This fact is essential to be alleged and proved, to constitute any offence in the private, who disobeys the order, and to entitle any one to recover the penalty for disobedience. It is not alleged, and consequently the declaration fails to show any cause of action.

The facts stated in the case show the reason of the omission. If it had been alleged, that there was no other sergeant but the clerk, the proof would not have supported the allegation. The case finds, that on the 10th of September, 1849, there was a second sergeant, besides the orderly or clerk'. This was the day the order was issued to the defendant. By the Constitution, Pt. 2, Art. 54, “ the Captains and subalterns ” shall appoint “ their non-commissioned officers,” and by consequence, they have the power of removal. There were on that day four officers, and as one of these, the Captain, was not absent from the limits, within which he was required by law to reside, it is apparent, that the attempt to remove the second sergeant by the plaintiff alone was entirely null, and the case did not exist, where the defendant was liable to be ordered to warn. This defect is, in its nature incurable, and decisive of the case.

But the case shows, that if this objection had not existed, the plaintiff was not authorized to issue the order in question. He had no right to act as commanding officer of the company, except in the cases, when such authority is conferred by the law. Sect. 15, of ch. 93 of the Rev. Stat., gives this authority, when it exists. “ In case any military office shall be vacant, or in ease of the absence of any officer from the limits, within which he is by law required to reside, the officer next in rank under him shall have the powers and perform the duties of such officer.” The office of Captain was not vacant. The Captain was not absent from his limits. His home,.the residence of himself and bis family, was within .the bounds of his company, and he was, at the time, at his home. He had been temporarily absent, but was then returned, as the plaintiff knew, and was ready to attend to his duties. Under these circumstances the Captain was the only commanding officer of his company, and the plaintiff had no legal authority to issue any order whatever as such.

We perceive no color of pretence for the ground taken by the plaintiff, that the defendant is estopped by his acceptance of the plaintiff’s order to deny the plaintiff’s authority, or his own liability to be so ordered.

Judgment arrested.