84 Mo. App. 306 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1900
The salient facts of this case, as disclosed by the evidence on the record before us, may be briefly stated in this wise: The St. Joseph Loan & Trust Company—which we shall hereafter for brevity designate the trust company—was indebted to the plaintiffs (partners under the namemf Hax & Bro.) in a large amount of money, insufficiently secured by a great number of collateral evidences of indebtedness which had been transferred to plaintiffs; while the plaintiffs and the trust company were so related the plaintiffs agreed with the defendant to take $26,260 for the said indebtedness owing to them by the trust company, and to turn over to the defendant the col-laterals already referred to; and thereupon a written contract was entered into to the effect, that in consideration of the payment by said defendant to said plaintiffs of the sum. of $26,200, plaintiffs agree to turn legally over all of the collateral security given by the trust company as collateral
The said collaterals had been placed in the possession of defendant’s son, who handled the same for eighteen months without any understanding as to whether or not he should be paid any compensation for his services so rendered. It further appears that the defendant’s son was indebted to plaintiffs by note in the sum of $3,057.11, which was indorsed by plaintiffs to the Modern Loan and Investment Company, which we shall hereafter refer to as the investment company, and by that company indorsed in blank. One Sigel, claiming title to the note under the blank indorsement, brought suit thereon against defendant’s son, who, by his answer pleaded a counterclaim for his services in handling the said collaterals for plaintiffs, and that said indorsements were pretendedly made to prevent him from recovering on his counterclaim against plaintiffs. The defendant’s son in that suit recovered judgment for $900. The stock in the investment company was owned by plaintiffs and the note on which the suit of Sigel against defendant’s son was based, had been transferred to that company by them merely for convenience.
The covenant in said contract, that, should it appear in the future that plaintiffs have not been allowed any credits on account of handling said collaterals the defendant agreed to make it good, was made the foundation of the plaintiff’s
Whether or not the covenant sued on shall be deemed to be a contract of indemnity merely, or, an agreement requiring some positive act of performance, is the first question which we are required to decide. It may as well be stated at the outset that the authorities, are by no means uniform in the construction of agreements of ¡similar nature and words. Ham v. Hill, 29 Mo. 275, was an action on a bond that recited that Hill liad purchased the interest of Ham in the firm of Ham & Hill, and had bound himself to assume all the liabilities incurred by said firm between eer'tain dates, and to pay the same whenever legally demanded by the creditors. The firm’s creditors referred to in the bond legally demanded of Hill the payment of their debts, which Avas refused. In the course of the opinion in the case it was said:
“The question for consideration is Avhether a right of action accrued on the bond upon the failure of the defendant to pay the debts it provides for, according to its stipulation; or, is it a bond of-indemnity merely? -• * * Tt is a bond Avith an affirmative covenant to do a certain thing; the defendant thereby bound himself to take the place individually of the firm and discharge the debts for Avbich it Avas liable and Avhich, as it respects the parties themselves, became by the bond the -individual debts of the -defendant. Although the legal liability of the firm to its creditors is not changed by the instrument, yet, as to these firm debts, it creates the relation of creditor and debtor between the plaintiff: and defendant, and the assumpsit by the defendant is equivalent to a direct promise to pay the money to the plain
Hicks v. Hoos, 44 Mo. App. 571, was an action on a bond for $5,000. In a condition thereof it was recited that Hicks had loaned Hoos $6,000, evidenced by certain promissory notes secured by deed of trust, etc. It also contained an agreement to the effect that said $6,000 should be used in the erection of four dwelling houses on certain lots, so that the actual cost of the construction of said houses should be that amount. The petition alleged a breach of this agreement. In the opinion in the case, delivered by Judge Ellison, it is said:
“The testimony discloses that the full amount borrowed was not put into said houses as provided in the bond. But there is no testimony going to show any damage to plaintiff from the breach of the bond, and the trial court refused to hear any testimony to show that no damage would result. We will sustain the court’s ruling in this respect. The bond is not one of indemnity against what damage may result to plaintiff by reason of a failure to expend borrowed money in building the houses; but an affirmative covenant to do a specific thing.” On the motion for a rehearing in the same case it was said: “It may be conceded that it is well established by a current of decisions that if there be a covenant to indemnify simply and no more, then the damage must be shown before the party indemnified is entitled to recover; but if there be an affirmative covenant to do a certain act, or to pay a certain sum or sums of money, then it is no defense to say the plaintiff has not been damnified, and the measure of damages in such case is the amount agreed to be paid or the proper expense of doing the act agreed to be done.”
The cases from which we have quoted, with many
The plaintiffs pleaded the covenant in haec verba and that it was entered jmto to protect plaintiffs against any claim arising “on account of handling the collaterals.” The answer admitted the contract and that defendant’s son was custodian of the collaterals mentioned in the contract. The contract did not recite that defendant’s son was the custodian of the collaterals, but this fact was alleged in that part of the petition which specifies the subject-matter to which the covenant was applicable. Therefore, it seems that the answer may be construed to be an admission of the covenant and its application to the subject-matter as alleged. The petition applies the covenant to this claim and the answer does not seek to take its words out of the application made by the petition by pleading any state of facts which call for a construction differing from that placed upon them by plaintiff’s pleading. In construing the contract, we have a right to take into consideration what may be reasonably presumed to have been in the minds of the contracting parties. The defendant’s son acted as his agént in making the contract, and we can not think the latter intended to bind his father on a covenant to protect the plaintiffs against his own default. It seems that such expenses were entered on the statement as credits, and in view of the fact that the plaintiffs knew that the defendant’s son had handled the collat
The defendant imputes further error to the trial court in permitting plaintiffs to introduce in evidence the judgment in the Sigel case, already referred to, for the purpose of establishing the amount of the claim of defendant’s son— the omitted credit. This judgment was properly admitted. Carmen v. Noble, 9 Pa. St. 366; Stroh v. Kimmel, 8 Watts, 155.
.But the court did not go quite to that extent, for it appears from an instruction given on its own motion that it thereby told the jury that the plaintiffs were not entitled to recover the amount of the judgment just referred to, unless it found from the evidence that that amount was a reasonable compensation for the services of defendant’s son —the plaintiff therein—in handling the collaterals as charged in his set-off, and if they found a less sum was reasonable the verdict should be for such sum as it found from the evidence was reasonable, and provided they found under all the circumstances that the exercise of ordinary prudence made such employment reasonable. Even if this instruction and the evidence upon which it was based were improper, still, they were more beneficial than harmful to the defendant. It would, therefore, seem that oit the theory defendant contends for, actual damage was shown. The verdict in Sigel v. Hax, established that as between Sigel, the investment company and plaintiffs, the latter were the owners of the note sued on in that case. The investment company was the same as plaintiffs. It coTild not sire on this contract without an assignment from plaintiffs. When the set-off was recovered it was recovered against plaintiffs, Sigel being merely their trustee. When the note was transferred to the investment company plaintiffs must have been
Plaintiffs could treat their loss as they pleased. They could have had the corporation charge plaintiffs with it, who would thereby lose it in form, or they could as among themselves have called it a loss, to the extent of the claim, on the value of their stock. It is not for defendant to prescribe the form in which they shall state or estimate their loss. It is enough for him that they have substantially suffered it.
No error is perceived in the action of the court in the giving or refusing instructions that was prejudicial to the defendant on the merits. The case has been well and ably presented by counsel for the defendant both in his brief and argument, but these have not convinced us that the judgment is for the wrong party. It must, therefore, be affirmed.