64 F. 19 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Eastern Virginia | 1894
This case is before me at present solely on the pleadings filed. The bill was first presented to one of the judges of the court on a motion for an injunction and the appointment of á receiver. After a hearing on this motion anil two other hearings of motions by the court, the bill went back to rules. Under the practice obtaining in the circuit courts of the United States, it became incumbent upon the defendants in the cause to plead at the September rules last past; that is to say, on Monday, the 3d of September. It so happened that that day was a national holiday, and dies non, the clerk’s office being closed. This circumstance constituted Tuesday, the 4th September, which was the next succeeding day, the September rule day for the purposes of this case. Accordingly, one of the defendants, viz. the Richmond Railway & Electric Company, appeared and filed a demurrer to the bill on the 4th. Afterwards, to wit, on the 6th of September, the Richmond & Manchester Railway Company entered its appearance by counsel, and tendered a demurrer, on its part, to the bill of complaint.
The two demurrers are substantially the same. The disposal of one of them by the court will virtually dispose of the other. As the demurrer of the Richmond defendant is regularly in, and permission to file that of the Manchester defendant cannot materially affect the proceedings in the case, and as, moreover, it is within the discretion of the court to permit the filing of the demurrer of the Manchester defendant, the court permits that demurrer to be filed.
The principal ground of demurrer insisted upon by defendants is the failure of the bill to set out the places of residence of the plaintiffs in the cause, and also the places of residence of defendants. The bill alleges the plaintiffs to be citizens of Maryland, and the defendants to be citizens of Virginia, but disregards rule 20 in equity which requires the residence of all parties to be set out in the bill. As rule 20 does not define the method by which the disregard of this requirement by the pleader shall be taken advantage of, I
But the defect of the bill in this case is graver than the mere failure to give residences. There is a jurisdictional omission, more serious than the mere failure to conform to rule 20 in equity. It would not be sufficient for a hill to set out that John Doe, a citizen and resident of Maryland, complains of Richard Roe, a citizen and resident of Virginia. If there were hut one judicial district in Virginia, the omission to state Richard Roe’s place of residence might not be demurrable, and might be amended on mere motion. But there are two districts in Virginia, and the bill must give jurisdiction in the district in which the suit is brought. It is of jurisdictional essence that the bill shall allege that Richard Roe is a citizen of Virginia, resident at some place, alleged to be in the eastern district of Virginia. The hill at bar uses no other language in describing the 'defendants than to say that the suit: is against “the Richmond & Manchester Railway Company, and the Richmond Railway & Electric Company, corporations duly incorporated under the laws of the state of Virginia, and as such citizens of Virginia.” That is all. There is no allegation that the defendant companies are residents, respectively, of Richmond and of Manchester, in the eastern district of Virginia; having their offices for the transaction of all their business (Code Va. § 1104) in Richmond and Manchester, respectively, in the eastern district of Virginia. The omission is jurisdictional, and is demurrable. The fact that a corporation is resident in Richmond, and has its office; for the transaction of all its business in Richmond, cannot be im-X»lied from the mere circumstance that “Richmond” is a word used in its corporate name. It is a fundamental rule of pleading that implications cannot supply allegations. Certainty and precision are of the essence of pleading, and all material averments must be positive and express. Implications, even necessary implications, can never dispense with material allegations. The hill here is demurrable and defective in not containing all averments giving jurisdiction of the cause to the circuit court of the United States for the eastern district.
I have not time at present to consider the remaining grounds of demurrer set out by the two defendants in the cause. I will say, however, that, whether these grounds be valid or not, the bill is amendable in the respects enumerated, on motion of complainants.
I do not think that the paper called the “answer of defendants” is yet in the cause, except as an affidavit. The defendants are not bound to file an answer in the present stage of the cause.
