133 F.2d 401 | D.C. Cir. | 1943
On October 14, 1941, appellant and her husband sold to appellee’s assignor, for the benefit of a corporation to be formed, a furniture business on Upshur Street in Washington, D. C. In the contract of sale, the sellers agreed “that the corporation to be formed *• * * shall have the exclusive right to use the name Hilda Miller, Inc. and * * * that they will neither jointly nor severally engage in the furniture business under either of their said names nor any other name within the District of Columbia on or before October 9, 1951.” Appellant soon opened a furniture store in Silver Spring, Maryland, three or four miles away from the business sold, and filed a complaint to enjoin appellee from using the name Hilda N. Miller in connection with the Upshur Street business. In a cross-complaint, appellee alleged that appellant had advertised her Silver Spring business in the Washington Star on May 31, June 7, and June 14, 1942, and asked that she be enjoined from carrying on the furniture business under the name of Hilda N. Miller or, in the alternative, from advertising her business in Washington newspapers. Counsel agreed that no issues of fact were involved. The court granted appellant substantially the relief she sought, 'but also enjoined her “from engaging in the furniture business in the District of Columbia, directly or indirectly, through the use of advertisements published in the District of Columbia newspapers, the Washington, D. C. Telephone Directory, or in any other manner or form, until October 9, 1951.” This appeal is from that injunction.
Appellant’s agreement not to engage in the furniture business in the District of Columbia for ten years was reasonable and valid.
Perhaps some activity in a prohibited area may be so slight and casual,
Clearly appellant may not send agents into the District to distribute circulars or solicit old or new customers.
Though it does not appear that appellant has advertised in the Washington telephone directory, such advertising is so similar to advertising in Washington newspapers that it was properly included in the injunction.
Appellant’s business telephone, like others in Silver Spring, is now listed in both the general and the classified sections of the Washington telephone directory. Since appellee does not complain of the general listing, we need not consider it; but we think the injunction should expressly forbid, listing in the classified section of the Washington directory. The classified section of the directory for Silver Spring, Takoma Park, etc., is open to appellant.
We think the general prohibition against engaging in the furniture business in the District of Columbia should be struck from the injunction, both because it does not tell appellant definitely what she is forbidden to do and because it would subject her to contempt proceedings if she should ever commit new violations of her covenant, however unlike those which she has committed.
Judgment modified and affirmed.
Godfrey v. Roessle, 5 App.D.C. 299; Erikson v. Hawley, 56 App.D.C. 268, 12 F.2d 491; Allison v. Seigle, 65 App.D.C. 45, 79 F.2d 170.
Cf. Midland Lumber & Coal Co. v. Roessler, 203 Wis. 129, 233 N.W. 614.
Cases on the jurisdiction of local courts or legislatures throw little or no light on the question what these parties, who probably knew nothing about such cases, meant by their contract; since contractual exclusion of competition has different purposes from public regillation of jurisdiction, or of commerce.
Smithloff v. Weinman, 165 Ga. 449, 141 S.E. 205; Richards v. Shipley, 257 Pa. 134, 101 A. 456; Love v. Stidham, 18 App.D.C. 306, 317, 53 L.R.A. 397.
Cf. National Labor Relations Board v. Express Publishing Co., 312 U.S. 426, 435-438, 61 S.Ct 693, 85 L.Ed. 930.