99 Wash. App. 227 | Wash. Ct. App. | 2000
The Mobile Home Landlord-Tenant Act permits
Mike Goodwin has been a tenant in the Des Moines Estates Mobile Home Park for nearly 12 years. He owns his mobile home and leases the property on which it is situated in the park. He has two teenage sons who live with him in the mobile home.
In March 1998, a police officer visited Goodwin shortly after he had returned home from work. The officer stated that he had information that Goodwin was operating a methamphetamine lab in a shed near the mobile home. Goodwin denied knowledge of any illegal activity and voluntarily showed the officer the shed. There was no illegal lab there.
The officer then asked to look inside the mobile home to look for the lab. The officer stated that he would return with a search warrant if Goodwin did not cooperate. Goodwin continued to deny any knowledge of any illegal activity, but permitted the officer to enter the mobile home. Once inside, the officer found a plastic bag containing one gram of what turned out to be marijuana and two marijuana pipes on the living room floor. Goodwin denied knowing anything about them. The officer seized the illegal items and left.
Thereafter, the police sent Des Moines Estates Mobile Home Park an abatement letter that was based on the police officer’s contact with Goodwin. On the basis of that written notification and further communications with the police, Des Moines Estates served Goodwin with a notice to
At the show cause hearing for issuance of a writ of restitution, a court commissioner declined to rule on the merits and certified the matter for trial. On Des Moines Estates’ motion for revision, a superior court judge concluded that a writ of restitution should issue and that there was “no substantial issue of material fact”
Goodwin argues on appeal that the trial court erred in entering a judgment against him at the hearing on the motion for revision. We agree.
The hearing on the motion for revision was the functional equivalent of the hearing on the order to show cause for the issuance of a writ of restitution in this unlawful detainer proceeding. The provisions of RCW 59.18.370-.410 of the Residential Landlord-Tenant Act of 1973 (RLTA) govern unlawful detainer proceedings arising from a tenancy under the Mobile Home Landlord-Tenant Act.
While Goodwin makes a number of arguments on appeal, we need not reach all of them. The first that we address is that the abatement letter from the police to Des Moines Estates did not comply with the notice requirements of RCW 59.20.080(l)(f). The second is that Goodwin, the tenant, did not “engage in criminal activity” under that statute, and thus Des Moines Estates had no basis to terminate his tenancy.
The facts in the record before us are substantially undisputed. And the two arguments that we address turn on construction of statutes. Thus, our review is de novo.
Notice to Landlord
Goodwin argues that Des Moines Estates predicated this unlawful detainer proceeding on a deficient statutory notice from the police to Des Moines Estates. While the notice did not comply with RCW 59.20.155, it substantially complied with the requirements of RCW 59.20.080(l)(f). Thus, it was not deficient.
A statute that is plain on its face is not subject to construction.
Several statutes apply to the attempt to evict Goodwin. One of those statutes, RCW 59.20.080, states:
(1) A landlord shall not terminate or fail to renew a tenancy of a tenant or the occupancy of an occupant, of whatever duration except for one or more of the following reasons: . . .
(f) Engaging in “criminal activity.” “Criminal activity” means a criminal act defined by statute or ordinance that threatens the health, safety, or welfare of the tenants. A park owner seeking to evict a tenant or occupant under this subsection need not produce evidence of a criminal conviction, even if the alleged misconduct constitutes a criminal offense. Notice from a law enforcement agency of criminal activity constitutes sufficient grounds, but not the only grounds, for an eviction under this subsection. Notification of the seizure of illegal drugs under RCW 59.20.155 is evidence of criminal activity and is grounds for an eviction under this subsection. The requirement that any tenant or occupant register as a sex offender under RCW 9A.44.130 is grounds for eviction under this subsection. If criminal activity is alleged to be a basis of termination, the park owner may proceed directly to an unlawful detainer action.[13 ]
Goodwin essentially challenges the trial court’s determination that Des Moines Estates received written notice of the seizure of illegal drugs under RCW 59.20.155, another statute relating to notice. That statute provides:
Any law enforcement agency which seizes a legend drug pursuant to a violation of chapter 69.41 RCW, a controlled substance pursuant to a violation of chapter 69.50 RCW or an imitation controlled substance pursuant to a violation of chapter 69.52 RCW, shall make a reasonable attempt to discover the identity of the landlord and shall notify the landlord in writing, at the last address listed in the property*233 tax records and at any other address known to the law enforcement agency, of the seizure and the location of the seizure of the illegal drugs or substances.[14 ]
Here, the trial court’s determination that notice was sufficient appears to have been based, in part, on the written notification sent by the police to Des Moines Estates. The relevant portion of that notice stated:
This is to notify you of the apparent illegal drug activity that may be occurring at a residence/apartment/building owned or managed by you located at 2424 South 204th, space numbers 20 and 46.
Neighborhood complaints, confirmed by our investigation, indicate that: 1) drug abusers congregate there and/or 2) persons on the premises engage in illegal drug activity that creates a public nuisance (reference KCSO cases 98-067616 and 98-094178).
The written notice does not say that illegal drugs were seized. In fact, the notice makes no mention of seizure of anything. The trial court made factual findings that Des Moines Estates was orally informed of the seizure of illegal drugs and related paraphernalia and obtained a redacted copy of a King County Police Incident Report that reported the seizure of illegal drugs. But these findings, whether they are considered individually or together, are insufficient bases on which Des Moines Estates may rely to cure the absence of the required statutory written notice under RCW 59.20.155. In short, the notice here does not comply with the plain wording of RCW 59.20.155 because it fails to notify the landlord of “the seizure and the location of the seizure of the illegal drugs or substances” that constitutes “sufficient grounds for eviction” under RCW 59.20-.080(l)(f).
But the foregoing analysis does not end our inquiry. “Notice from a law enforcement agency of criminal activity”
Here, the notice sent to Des Moines Estates substantially complied
In short, the notice here substantially complied with the requirements of the first type of notice set forth in RCW 59.20.080(l)(f) and was sufficient.
“Engaging in ‘Criminal Activity’ ”
Goodwin primarily argues that RCW 59.20.080(l)(f) is ambiguous in that it fails to specify either who must be “[e]ngajging in ‘criminal activity’ ” or who may be evicted if such activity is shown. We agree and, consequently, construe the statute in favor of the tenant to avoid a forfeiture.
RCW 59.20.080(l)(f) provides that “[e]ngaging in ‘criminal activity’ ” is a basis for an eviction. But the predicate “[e]ngaging in ‘criminal activity’ ” necessarily requires a subject. That is, some person or persons must be “[engaging in ‘criminal activity’ ” for this statute to apply.
The only persons who are specified in RCW 59.20.080 are tenants and occupants.
But the statute is ambiguous regarding whether both a tenant and an occupant may be evicted for the actions of one of them. We believe that the most plausible reading of this statute supports the conclusion that the legislature intended only the person who engages in criminal activity to be the subject of an eviction. Consequently, we hold that eviction under this statute is limited to the person or persons “[e]ngaging in ‘criminal activity.’ ”
First, RCW 59.20.080(l)(f) is the functional equivalent of
Second, if the legislature had intended that both an occupant and a tenant could be evicted by one or the other “[ejngaging in ‘criminal activity,’ ” it could have easily said so. It did not. We will not read language into a statute that is not there.
Finally, we reject Des Moines Estates’ argument that the mere service of notice of either criminal activity or the seizure of illegal drugs on the premises permits a landlord to terminate a tenancy. If we adopted this reading, the predicate requirement of “[e]ngaging in ‘criminal activity’ ” would be read out of the statute because the mere service of notice would permit the landlord to terminate the tenancy. Such a reading violates a basic rule of statutory construction,
Here, the court found that Goodwin disputed any knowledge about the illegal drugs and drug paraphernalia, asserting that they belonged to someone else.
In sum, only the party “[e]ngaging in ‘criminal activity’ ” may be evicted under RCW 59.20.080(l)(f). Here, Goodwin placed in issue the question of who was “ [engaging in ‘criminal activity’ ” by arguing that the marijuana was not his and he knew nothing about it before the police seized it.
We reverse and remand for trial.
The remainder of this opinion has no precedential value and will not be published.
Coleman and Ellington, JJ., concur.
RCW 59.20.080(l)(f).
RCW 59.18.380.
RCW 59.20.040.
RCW 59.18.370.
Meadow Park Garden Assocs. v. Canley, 54 Wn. App. 371, 373-74, 773 P.2d 875 (1989).
RCW 59.18.380.
Id.
Heller v. McClure & Sons, Inc., 92 Wn. App. 333, 337, 963 P.2d 923 (1998), review denied, 137 Wn.2d 1028 (1999).
In re Marriage of Kovacs, 121 Wn.2d 795, 804, 854 P.2d 629 (1993).
State v. Martin, 137 Wn.2d 774, 788, 975 P.2d 1020 (1999).
Housing Auth. v. Terry, 114 Wn.2d 558, 563, 789 P.2d 745 (1990).
Stevenson v. Parker, 25 Wn. App. 639, 647, 608 P.2d 1263 (1980).
(Emphasis added.)
RCW 59.20.155 (emphasis added).
RCW 59.20.080(1)®.
Id.
Sowers v. Lewis, 49 Wn.2d 891, 894, 307 P.2d 1064 (1957) (holding that substantial compliance with statutory notification requirements of an unlawful detainer statute is necessary).
(Emphasis added.)
See RCW 69.50.401.
See Seeley v. State, 132 Wn.2d 776, 805, 940 P.2d 604 (1997) (holding that the legislative classification of marijuana as a Schedule I drug, harmful to health, was reasonable).
State v. Elgin, 118 Wn.2d 551, 555, 825 P.2d 314 (1992).
Stone v. Chelan County Sheriff’s Dep’t, 110 Wn.2d 806, 810, 756 P.2d 736 (1988).
Elgin, 118 Wn.2d at 555.
RCW 59.20.030(11) defines tenant as “any person, except a transient, who rents a mobile home lot.” RCW 59.20.030(13) defines occupant as “any person, including a live-in care provider, other than a tenant, who occupies a mobile home and mobile home lot.”
(Emphasis added.)
RCW 59.20.080(l)(f) (emphasis added).
Terry, 114 Wn.2d at 563.
In re Custody of Smith, 137 Wn.2d 1, 12, 969 P.2d 21 (1998), cert. granted, Troxel v. Granville, 527 U.S. 1069, 120 S. Ct. 11, 144 L. Ed. 2d 842 (1999).
Stone, 110 Wn.2d at 810 (stating that all language must be given effect, with none rendered meaningless or superfluous).
Clerk’s Papers at 49.
See State v. Staley, 123 Wn.2d 794, 798, 872 P.2d 502 (1994) (in a prosecution for unlawful possession of controlled substance, possession may be either actual or constructive).
RCW 2.06.040.