81 A. 1057 | Conn. | 1912
The testatrix died in September, 1884, leaving a will, of which the fifth clause, out of which arise all the questions upon which our advice is sought, reads as follows: "Fifth. I give and bequeath to the children of my sister, Emily Wolcott, the sum of thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), the same to be equally divided among those living at the time of my decease or paid to the survivor of them, except that I give such portion as would under this bequest go to Horace Wolcott, to my executor and executrix in trust, to pay the income thereof to him semi-annually during his life and his death to pay and deliver the principal of said trust to such of his legal representatives as are related to me by blood." Horace Wolcott and the defendants William W. and Abiathar R. Wolcott were the three children of the sister Emily Wolcott. They were in life at the time the will was made, and survived the testatrix. Horace died in September, 1910, without issue. His two brothers are his sole heirs at law. Zayde E. Bancroft, a sister-in-law of the testatrix, and Dr. Henry P. Stearns, who was not a relative, were made her residuary legatees and devises; they were also named as the executor and executrix of the will. The questions for determination are: (1) "Is the trust over under the fifth clause of said will valid, and are the said William W. Wolcott and Abiathar R. Wolcott entitled to receive the principal of said trust fund?" (2) In the event that the trust over is void, does the trust fund go to the administrator de bonis non of the testatrix as intestate *137 estate, or, as testate estate, to the representatives of the residuary devisees and legatees named in the will?
All parties to this proceeding agree that by the term "legal representatives" the testatrix intended the heirs at law of Horace Wolcott and not his executors or administrators, and it is apparent that this must be so, for she directs that the trust fund shall be paid to such of them as are related to her by blood. She would not have used this language had she been referring to executors or administrators.
The remainder thus attempted to be given to the heirs of Horace Wolcott was a contingent one; it could not vest until his death. Until that event, it could not be known whether he would leave heirs who were related to the testatrix by blood; and, if he left such heirs, their names and number, and consequently the number and size of the shares to be distributed, could only be determined at his death. It was possible, manifestly, that his heirs might be children of persons not in being at the date of the testatrix's death. This possibility rendered the attempted gift of this remainder void as within the prohibition of the statute against perpetuities in force when the will took effect. Wheeler
v. Fellowes,
It is claimed that the statute against perpetuities is inapplicable to this case, because, as claimed, the term "his legal representatives" is to be taken as referring to those who at the death of the testatrix rather than at the death of Horace would be his next of kin of the blood of the testatrix. This is not the natural construction *138 of the language used. Such a construction might carry the fund to collateral heirs, although there were children of Horace born after the death of the testatrix. There is nothing in the facts appearing in the record to call for or warrant such a construction. On the contrary, it seems clear that the intention of the testatrix was that after the death of Horace the fund should go to his descendants, should there be any, if not, then to collateral of the blood of the testatrix. Cases are cited in support of the construction contended for. The construction given to similar language in those cases was based upon the facts peculiar to them, and those cases have little or no weight as precedents in other cases, unless the facts are substantially identical.
Attention has been called to the fact that in the expression "to such of his legal representatives as are related to me by blood" the testatrix used the present tense of the verb. The expression was appropriate whether the reference was to the date of her own death or to that of her nephew. To whichever date reference is made, the intention expressed would be that of his then existing heirs the fund shall be paid to such "as are related to me by blood."
It is also said that this is a gift to a class, and that when some of the members of the class are competent to take and others not, those eligible can take the entire gift to the exclusion of those members who fall within the prohibition of the statute. That rule can only apply to cases where there is a class legally created. The claim overlooks the fact that in the present case the members of the class attempted to be created were not in existence at the death of the testatrix; that they can only be ascertained after the death of Horace, when the time comes for distribution; and that, as already pointed out, it is possible that the persons then falling within the class may be those falling within the *139
prohibition of the statute which makes the attempted gift void. The individuals who are to constitute the class being uncertain until the death of the life tenant, and it being possible that the individuals may then be persons coming within the prohibition of the statute, there was no class. Anthony v. Anthony,
The gift over being void, the remaining question is whether the trust fund becomes intestate estate of the testatrix or goes to her residuary legatees. The general rule is that the residuary legatee under a general residuary clause takes all the personal property not otherwise disposed of by the will, unless it clearly appears from the will that this was not the testator's intention. Lapsed legacies and void legacies are included in what "is not otherwise disposed of." Bristol v. Bristol,
The Superior Court is advised that the gift over to the heirs of Horace Wolcott was void, and that the trust fund should be paid to the administrators of Zayde E. Bancroft and the executors of Henry P. Stearns, the residuary legatees, one half to each.
No costs in favor of either party will be taxed in this court.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.