Harrison v. Langfitt

158 Iowa 479 | Iowa | 1913

Evans, J.

John F. Langfitt died testate in January, 1911. . He executed his will in February, 1890, as follows:

February 24, 1890. This is to certify that I, -John F. Langfitt, being in good health and sound mind, I make this will for the benefit of Sarah E. Langfitt, my wife. I give her full control of all the incomes on my real estate to use for her comfort as long as she remains my widow, I will to her all of the household goods, to use as she sees fit. I give her full control of all the personal property, farming utensils and all proceeds of from all the place and I give her full power to sell all the loose property on the place, pay all debts against the estate. I will give her power to hold any stock or grain on the place that she sees fit, all taxes on the place and all other debts made by my wife must be paid out of the income on the farm. I give her power to choose whom she wishes to assist her in transacting any business to be done. I give her full power to use all stated articles above while she remains my widow. I bequeath to all my lawful heirs, an equal share except J. W. Langfitt, who is to receive $400.00 less than the other heirs, he having received that amount in land, and Eliza E. Clevenger, my daughter, she has received out of my estate all that I have allotted to her except five dollars, I give to my lawful heirs all the real estate and personal property at the death of my wife, except those two mentioned on page first.

It is conceded of record that J. W. Langfitt and Elizá Clevenger are the “two mentioned on page first.” After-wards, on October 5, 1898, J. F. Langfitt executed the following codicil to such will:

October 5, 1898. I, J. F. Langfitt, having changed my mind, bequeath to Eliza E. Clevenger, my daughter, an equal share with the other heirs. I also bequeath to Sarah E. Langfitt, my wife, all money and credits, to be used as she sees fit. I desire to change the will in regard to J. W. Langfitt, he having received his share in land under value. J. F. Langfitt. [Seal.]

Both will and codicil were duly admitted to probate. The wife of the deceased did not survive him. The deceased had had eleven children. Those who did not survive him left-children to take the share which would otherwise have gone to them. The question is, therefore, whether the real estate-should be divided into ten shares, excluding J. W. Langfitt, or into eleven shares, including J. W. Langfitt, as a beneficiary. It is the contention of J. W. Langfitt that the original-will by its terms clearly gave to him one-eleventh share of the estate, less $400. He further contends that the provision of the codicil concerning him is too indefinite and uncertain in its language to change the devise made in his behalf in the original will.

The will is unskillfully drawn. We think that its real intention stands out quite prominently, nevertheless. It appears both from the will and from the codicil that the appellant had received, prior to the execution of the will in 1890, $400 “in land.” The original will charged this amount against the share which the appellant would otherwise take thereunder. Eight years later the codicil was executed The testator purported therein to make three changes in the original will. One of these related to the appellant, viz.: “I desire to change the will in regard to J. W. Langfitt, he having received his share in land under value.” The meaning of this provision must be ascertained in the light of the entire will. The amount of real estate involved was one hundred and twenty acres. The number of children to be provided for were eleven. The land received by the appellant prior to 1890 was valued at $100. The codicil now declares this to be an undervaluation, and that such land, so received, was in fact of such value that the appellant should be deemed as “having received his share.-” It was of course competent for the testator to reach this conclusion in his own mind and to be governed' thereby. The appellant suggests no other interpretation of this clause, except to contend that it means nothing. In this view we cannot concur.

It is urged, also, that the provisions of the original will are clear and definite, and that therefore they should not be set aside by the indefinite provision of the codicil. The will itself is not so clear and definite as the appellant assumes in argument. The only express devise of the real estate contained therein seems, on its face, to except the appellant from its operation. If the original will stood alone, it might present to the appellant some difficulty to harmonize its provisions, so as to award to him a share of the real estate as distinguished from personal property.

It is also urged by the appellant that the codicil did not in fact change the will, but only expressed a “desire” to do so. It is well settled that mere precatory words in a will are not binding as a disposition of property. But this usually has reference to the expression of a wish or request as to the future conduct or action of other parties. But the expression of a wish or desire is by no means fatal to the form of a' bequest or devise. Indeed, bequests frequently appear in just such form, and are sustained as sufficient. 1 Redfield on Wills (3d Ed.) 161. We reach the conclusion that the real intent of the testator is ascertainable from the' terms of the instrument as written.

The order of the trial court is therefore Affirmed.