Harris v. StateHarris v. State
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- Before:
- Beck
The plaintiff in error, Charlie Harris, was indicted in Floyd superior court for the offense of murder. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. He made a motion for a new trial, upon the general grounds, and thereafter filed an amendment to this motion, alleging as further ground for a new trial that the court failed to charge the law of voluntary manslaughter as based upon the theory of mutual combat or mutual intention to fight; and also that the judge erred in not charging the jury that they could not consider a statement of the deceased, introduced in evidence by the State, as a dying declaration, unless they believed that at the time this statement was made by the deceased every hope of life with him was extinct,’ the plaintiff in error contending that the deceased expressed in the statement itself a hope of life, and that the judge in his charge should have submitted to the jury the question of whether or not the expression used by the deceased in his statement amounted to a hope of life.
Isabel Spruce, a witness introduced by the defendant, testified in part as follows: “When I came out Charlie was on his knees knocking on his plow, and when Mr. Pierce got near to him I heard them talking, and I did not pay them any attention until they spoke loud, and I turned around, and when I‘looked towards them Charlie was around the mule, and when he came around Mr. Pierce came around, and they both ran around the mule; one in front of the other; and Mr. Pierce grabbed at ‘Charlie with his hand, and Charlie jumped back off him, and then Mr. Pierce throwed up his hands as if he was going to shoot, and Charlie jumped back and threw his hands up, and when Charlie threw his hands down and when he came up again *202he had his gun, and Mr. Pierce had his already. There were two shots as I remember, unless they both fired at once. When I seen them they were going around the mule the last time before the shooting. Mr. Pierce was after Charlie, and when he came around the mule he made at Charlie with his hand this’ way. When Charlie threw up his hands I could see he did not have anything in them; he just threw his hands up‘this way, when he jumped back off from Mr. Pierce, with his hands out open like this; when he had his hands up like that Mr. Pierce had something in his hand, looked like he had his gun pointing‘at’ Charlie that way,- and Charlie throwed his hands down, and when he came up he presented his gun, and they were talking all at the same time, but I could not understand them.” On cross-examination she testified: “I did not say I didn’t see the shooting. I said I heard the talking and turned around. It is true I testified that I looked around when they shot. I heard the shooting arid I looked around, and they both looked like they were fixing to shoot; couldn’t tell which shot first, and that’s right unless they shot at the same time.” And then, in answer to a question as to her testimony at the coroner’s ‘inquest, she said: “ I do not’ remember that the question was asked me at the coroner’s inquest, ‘ The shooting occurred at the plow where Mr. Pierce was plowing?’ and that I answered, ‘Yes, sir, when I looked around they both brought their hands up that way.’ ■ Charles throwed his hands up, and I said that when Mr. Pierce grabbed at Charlie and Charlie jumped back .from him, they both throwed their hands up to shoot, after Charlie throwed his hands up and come’ down. Mr. Pierce had his already up. Q. Wasn’t this question asked‘you on that hearing, ‘Did you see a pistol in Mr. Pierce’s hand?’ and you answered, ‘No, ‘sir.’ A. I said I couldn’t tell whether it was a pistol, but he had it up like it was a pistol. I suppose I answered ‘ It- was too far for me to see, I couldn’t tell; he had a pistol, though, for they went out and got Mr. Pierce’s pistol afterwards. I couldn’t see the pistol from my house, and couldn’t tell what either had in their hands.’ ” •
Under this evidence the law of mutual combat or mutual intention to fight was involved in the case. See Gann v. State, 30 Ga. 67; Findley v. State, 125 Ga. 579, 583 (54 S. E. 106); Matthews v. State, 136 Ga. 125 (70 S. E. 1110). The law, of mutual *203combat being involved in the ease, instructions upon that subject .should have been given by the court, although no written request therefor was preferred. In the case of Waller v. State, 100 Ga. 320 (28 S. E. 77), it was held: “There being, on the trial of an indictment for murder, evidence which, if credible, would have warranted a finding that the slayer and the deceased, upon a sudden quarrel, each being armed with a deadly weapon, mutually engaged in a mortal combat, each using his weapon and intending to kill the other therewith, it was the duty of the judge, with or without a request, to give in charge to the jury the law of voluntary manslaughter as related to the doctrine of ’‘mutual combat;’ and the omission to do so is cause for a new trial, where the accused was convicted of murder.” In Findley v. State, supra, this court said: “ The evidence in this case involved the question of whether or not there was such a mutual combat at the time of the homicide as to reduce the killing from murder to manslaughter. The court omitted entirely any reference to that subject, though charging generally on the subject of manslaughter.” See also Ray v. State, 15 Ga. 223; Butt v. State, 150 Ga. 302 (103 S. E. 466). In the instant case the judge failed to charge upon the subject of voluntary manslaughter as based upon the law of mutual combat; and this was such error as requires the grant of a new trial.
Judgment reversed.
All the Justices concur, except Atkinson, J., absent on account of sickness.