133 Va. 700 | Va. | 1922
delivered the opinion of the court.
The plaintiff in error, Charles D. Harris, was convicted under an indictment charging him with stealing six hundred and fifty-five dollars from the Seaboard National Bank of Norfolk, Virginia, and sentenced to serve a term of five years in the penitentiary. The case is here upon a writ of error to that judgment.
On July 18, 1921, the plaintiff in error, Charles D. Harris, and a small man, who was bareheaded and in his shirt sleeves, entered the lobby of the Seaboard National Bank, where a large number of the patrons of the bank were being waited on by its employees. •When T. W. Morse, one of the paying tellers, left his cage to get some change for a customer, H. F. Atkinson, the small man, who was standing near by, walked up to the side window of the paying teller’s cage and put his hand through, under the gratework of the window, and took several packages of 'money which contained $655, and turning to leave, touched the plaintiff in error, who was standing with his back to the cage and about five feet from the window, and said, in an undertone, “everything is all right,” and the two walked out of the bank together. H. F. Atkinson saw the small man pull his cap from his
The foregoing facts were testified to by the witnesses for the Commonwealth; while the prisoner, the only witness sworn in his behalf, testified as follows: He arrived in Norfolk from Philadelphia that morning at 10 o’clock; that he was a bricklayer by trade, and had some tools which he had left in a cigar store, but he
Wingfield and Atkinson denied the statement of the accused that the accused started in pursuit of the two men on Fayette street with Wingfield.
The first assignment of error is to the refusal of the court to set aside the verdict of the jury and grant a new trial on the ground that the verdict is contrary to the law and the evidence.
It is manifest that the foregoing evidence of the Commonwealth, considered along with the testimony of the accused, with all of its inconsistencies, and his own guilty conduct, was ample to satisfy the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused and the “small man,” referred to in the evidence, were partners in the crime, that the accused was present and acting jointly with the “small man” — standing by and watching— while the crime was being committed, and received his share of the money.
There is no merit in this assignment of error.
The Attorney-General’s brief states that all the instructions given by the court do not appear in the record, and this is not denied by counsel for the accused. The ruling of the trial court are presumed to be correct, unless the contrary appears from the record. The rule is that the record should show in terms, or by clear inference, that the instructions found in the record are all the instructions that were given by the trial court, and the record in the instant ease does not meet this requirement. The court may have refused to give the instruction in question on the ground that the same was covered by some other instruction that was given, but which does not appear in the record. The party asking a reversal for refusal to give an instruction must show by the record that there was no justification for refusing to give it, which he may do by bringing up all the instructions, or by having the court certify that the point was not covered by any other instruction. Teter v. Ins. Co., 74 W. Va., 344, 82 S. E. 40.
The error complained of in the instructions granted may have been cured by other instructions which were given. In any event, the rule of this court is that before we could properly hold that the giving of the instructions complained of constituted reversible error, in a case where all the instructions were not certified, it would have to appear that the instruction in itself was vitally wrong and that the other instructions could not have cured the error. Lysle Milling Co. v. Hold & Co., 122 Va. 573, 95 S. E. 414.
We see nothing in the instructions given to indicate
The remaining assignments of error relate to the action of the Commonwealth’s attorney in making certain remarks and asking certain questions during the progress of the trial, as follows:
1. He asked the accused on cross-examination: “Is it not a fact that you belong to an association of bank robbers?” The prisoner’s counsel objected and the attorney for the Commonwealth asked him, “Do you object to my going into his record?” and then withdrew his question. Whereupon the court instructed the jury to disregard it.
2. The Commonwealth’s attorney said to the prisoner: “I am going to put you on your guard, that you were present and called one of these men away, when Mr. Hurst was present;” this statement being made after the Commonwealth’s attorney had asked the accused, “Did you see Mr. Hurst in jail in conversation with Ernest P. Graham and B. W. Ennis the day he was there before your trial in the police ■court?” and to which the accused had answered, “No, sir, I didn’t.” The court thereupon instructed the .jury to disregard any remarks of counsel, and to pay attention to the evidence which comes to them under the sanction of an oath, adding that the mere fact that the witness was put on his guard is not to be accepted by the jury as proving anything, one way or the other, until evidence is brought forward to that effect.
3. The Commonwealth’s attorney asked the accused: “When was the first time you ever took up your permanent abode in the country?” and remarked, “You are showing pretty well that you are a city boy
4. The Commonwealth’s attorney asked Ernest P. Graham the following question: “State whether or not Chas. D. Harris, the defendant here, asked you to arrange, in consideration of the payment to you of $1,000, to have a colored man by the name of ¥m. Puller fail to identify him as the man he saw running with the package in his hand, on July 18, 1921, and in further consideration of which he, Chas. D. Harris, was to pay Puller $50, and was to return to the Seaboard National Bank $655, alleged to have been stolen?” The Commonwealth’s attorney also asked witness, Graham, if Harris made such a proposition to him, and he replied, “No, sir.” The court thereupon instructed the jury to disregard this matter, as it was not satisfactorily shown that anything done by Graham was at the instance of the accused.
A new trial will be granted when it plainly appears that the statement of the Commonwealth’s attorney complained of was highly prejudicial to the accused and that the trial court refused to instruct the jury to disregard it. Jesse’s Case, 112 Va. 887, 71 S. E. 612.
In Mullins’ Case, 113 Va. 792, 75 S. E. 193, and in McCoy’s Case, 125 Va. 778, 99 S. E. 644, this court granted new trials because of improper arguments by the attorney for the Commonwealth, which the trial court permitted, over protest of the prisoner’s counsel, and without instructing the jury to disregard them. But we recall no case where a new trial has been granted for similar misconduct, when it appeared that the lower court sustained the objection of the prisoner and instructed the jury to disregard the statements of the prosecuting attorney.
Jurors are supposed to be competent to understand
Every person accused of crime, whether guilty or innocent, is entitled to have all his legal rights protected during his trial. And in a criminal case, the Commonwealth’s attorney, as the representative of the people, should guard against any violation of his rights in this respect. But if every improper remark of counsel were ground for reversal, comparatively few verdicts would stand, since the most eminent counsel are sometimes led into such inadvertencies. Appellate courts, therefore, hesitate to interfere by granting a new trial, except where the prosecuting attorney has so clearly departed from the line of legitimate procedure that any reasonable person will conclude that the jury were certainly prejudiced thereby.
In the instant case, it is clear that some of the
The judgment complained of will be affirmed.
Affirmed.