65 So. 68 | Ala. | 1914
Harris, Cortner & Co. was a firm the business of which was dealing in cotton. Offices were maintained at Decatur and Anniston, in this state. Oneonta was a cotton-buying point within the territory assigned to the Anniston office. W. S. Hanserd was engaged by the company to buy cotton at Oneonta, and under that engagement did buy at that point as well as at others in that section. The contract with Hanserd is thus summarized in the record: “Dated Anniston, Oct. 1, 1910, — -was signed by Harris, Cortner & Company, (and) by W. S. Hanserd, and in which it was stipulated that Harris, Cortner & Company, employed W. S. Hanserd from Oct. 1, 1910, until April 1, 1911, a period of six months, at a, salary of $75.00 per month, and the same salary was to be paid him if he continued longer in the service of Harris, Cortner & Company, and the said Hanserd was to buy cotton for Harris, Cortner & Company, at said salary.” Prom October 1, 1910, until the 10th day of that month, Hanserd bought cotton for the company at Oneonta, drawing a draft, with bill of lading attached, on Harris, Cortner & Co. at Anniston to cover each purchase, which draft was honored by the appellee bank, with the result that the seller was paid in cash for his cotton. These purchases, and all others there made by Hanserd, were made subject to verification, in price, grade, and weight, at the Anniston office.
After the stated method had been observed for several days, Hanserd was advised or instructed, by letter from Harris, Cortner & Co., to him, of date October 8,
In brief for appellant it is staed: “Hanserd then opened an account with the Oneonta Trust & Banking Company in the name of Harris, Cortner & Co., and would pay for cotton, which he purchased, or alleged to have purchased, for Harris, Cortner & Co. by checks on the Oneonta Trust & Banking Company, signed Harris, Cortner & Co. by W. S. Hanserd, and Hanserd would then draw a draft on Harris, Cortner & Co. at Anniston, with bill of lading attached, and deposit the same with the Oneonta Trust & Banking Company, which in due season would be paid by Harris, Cortner & Co. When the drafts, with bill of lading attached, were placed in the bank, Harris, Cortner & Co. was credited with the draft. In some indefinite sort of way, due to alleged shortgage in weight and claims paid, Hanserd overdrew at the bank in large sums, totaling between $2,000 and $3,000, and the appellants are sued for the amount of this overdraft.”
When the letter of October 8th is considered in the light of the theretofore prevailing practice observed by Hanserd in purchasing cotton for appellant at Oneonta, there would seem to be no fair doubt of the necessary legal effect of the quoted statements of the letter and of the resultant legal responsibility of the cotton company. It is manifest that no financial or other valuable benefit accrued to Hanserd under the stated original practice or under that established and observed in asserted re
If the funds furnished by the bank were employed by the company’s representative (Hanserd) in the pur
There were six 'counts in the complaint. Those numbered 3, 4, and 6 were charged out by the court at the instance of defendant (appellant). The three remaining counts submitted by the trial court to the jury proceeded respectively on these respective theories of liability: An open account, money loaned, and money paid by defendant for plaintiff. While under the undisputed material evidence the affirmative charge for plaintiff might have been justified on counts numbered 2 and 5 — questions not now necessary to be considered as we view the matter — that instruction was due plaintiff under the count numbered 1, on an account. “An ‘account’ is a general term which covers any item of indebtedness, by contract, express or implied.”—Dees v. Self, 165 Ala. 225, 228, 51 South. 735. The authority of the letter of October 8th was conclusively established— if, indeed, it was not admited by the defendant. That the outlay of funds by the bank, on the order or checks of Hanserd whom the letter of October 8th vested with the defendant’s authority to make the arrangement with the bank and to invite the advances by the bank, created, unmistakably, the relation of debtor and creditor between the bank and the cotton company for the sums so expended or furnished by the bank. Thus an indebtedness by defendant to plaintiff was created, for the pay- • ment of which, by the defendant to the bank, there was and is a necessary implication of law so to do. It is not conceivable that the furnishing of funds under such circumstances could be effected and yet no liability to repay exist against the party inviting the outlay for his
The only open question was the measure of the recovery; the legally chargeable items composing it, which, when properly summed up, and the aggregate sum legally paid by defendant deducted therefrom, should give the amount of the defendant’s liability. It appears that approximately $130,000 was paid out by the bank between October 8-10, 1911, and April 10, 1912. Drafts drawn by Hanserd, and paid by defendant, tolled this sum to an amount (as plaintiff contends) to about $2,-700. The unpaid part of the account (called an “overdraft” ) was variable in amount between the dates stated, being sometimes large and sometimes small. The action was distinctly rested by the plaintiff upon the idea that particular checks had not been paid — evidently on the notion that they were not included in any draft drawn by Hanserd and paid by the defendant. A list of checks drawn by Hanserd on the account called the ‘Harris, Cortner & Company account” and paid by the bank is shown in the transcript. This list contains items that, manifestly, could not be justified under the authorization of the letter of October 8th. One class of these items was board for the keep of Hanserd. The obligation assumed by the defendant to pay Hanserd’s
The trial court, in one aspect, appears to have proceeded in its instructions to the jury upon the theory that, independent of ratification by the defendant of payments made by the bank for expenses of Hanserd, the defendant was liable if such expenses or payments were “in furtherance of the business in a legitimate way” — “in furtherance of defendant’s business.” This was error. There is no evidence that Hanserd was the general agent of the company. The letter of October 8th bore a restricted authority only; and under its authorization neither Hanserd nor the bank could create a liability against the defendant, although, after full knowledge by the defendant, a liability might have become fixed as the result of ratification by the defendant.
There was evidence tending to show the defendant’s agreement to pay the bank exchange and express charges on the funds with which Hanserd would pay for cotton. If this was found to be true, items therefor were legally chargeable against defendant and were properly included in the amounts of drafts drawn by Hanserd on the defendants.
Whether this item was chargeable against the defendant depended upon whether one Mason, employed in defendant’s service at its Anniston office, had authority to bind the defendant in the premises and thereby ratify the previously unauthorized act of Hanserd’s utterance of checks in defendant’s name. That was an issue of fact, and upon it the evidence was not without dispute.
The court was in error in affirmatively instructing the jury that the item (check) for $55.65 ($55.91) was a subject of charge against the defendant. Whether Hanserd was authorized to pay that sum as he did pay it was a jury question. The court took the solution of it from the jury.
The judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded.
Reversed and remanded.