| Mass. | Nov 15, 1873
The question of principal difficulty which has been here discussed, and upon which the case seems to have turned, relates to the sufficiency of the evidence to charge the defendant with notice of the alleged defect. Under our statute, if the defect has not existed for twenty-four hours, the plaintiff must show that the defendant had reasonable notice of it or fail in his action. What is meant by reasonable notice is not defined. By the St. of 1786, c. 81, reasonable notice was for many yea; j the condition upon which towns charged with it were subject tc double damages for injuries of this description. In an early ease, in answer to the argument that it must be notice similar
A majority of the court, under this interpretation of the statute and upon the evidence here reported, are of opinion that on the question of notice the plaintiff has the right to go to the jury.
The trap door of a cellar-way projecting into the sidewalk of a city, into which the plaintiff falls at noon, is proved to have been opened early in the morning. There is no evidence of any purpose for which it was opened on that day, or of any use made of it, as a pasgage-way to or from the cellar. On other occasions it was used by the occupant of the store above for taking in coal and wood, and for other access to the cellar. There was evidence that the door when shut could be raised only from the inside. The occupant of the store testified that he did not open the door himself, or cause it to be opened, or know by whom it was opened on the day of the accident. There was no direct evidence as to whether it was open or closed between the time when it was seen open in the morning and the time of the accident. But we cannot say under all the circumstances that the plaintiff may not
We cannot say as matter of law, in view of the nature, duration, exposed position and dangerous character of this defect, in connection with the duty which may fairly be imposed upon the officers of the city, that there is not enough shown to warrant the jury in finding that the proper officers of the city, whose duty it is to attend to municipal affairs, either knew or with proper vigilance and care might have known of it in time to have prevented by reasonable effort the injury complained of.
The circumstances which in any case will be sufficient in law to charge the defendant with implied or constructive notice cannot be stated in advance. When there is any evidence which can fairly be relied on, the question is for the jury, to be decided by them upon inferences of fact, in view of the duties which in their judgment may be fairly imposed upon the officers of cities and towns under the infinitely varied features of each case.
The refusal of the court to take the case from the jury can in no case be construed as an indication that the finding should be for the plaintiff. It is often the duty of the court to submit a question of fact to the jury upon the plaintiff’s request, when the preponderance of evidence may appear to be against him.
Case to stand for trial.