68 P. 11 | Or. | 1902
Lead Opinion
after stating the facts, delivered the opinion of the court.
“To amount of note.............................$5,448.51
To int. on same for 14 mo. at 6% per annum........ 381.39
To cash advanced Karewski...................... 300.00
To cash advanced Nunan........................ 200.00
To bal. due from 1889.......................... 4,803.50”
This remainder is carried over to 1890, and the defendant is charged, among other items, with the two following:
“Int. bal. on note...............................$ 288.21”
leaving due from him, after deducting sundry credits appearing at length in the ledger, a remainder of $4,564.62. Bach year thereafter the defendant was charged with a remainder, and with the interest thereon until March 1, 1896, when, having been credited with all payments made, there was due from him, as appears from the bill of particulars, the sum of $2,908.80, which is sought to be recovered in this action. He was also charged, among other items, with the following:
“Jan. 22, 1892. To check favor of Balkenstein.....$ 143.30”
“Mch. 23, 1893. To check favor Levi Strauss & Co... $ 154.22”
At the trial his counsel admitted the correctness of said account, except the items thereof hereinbefore enumerated, which they contend could not be established by a book account. The defendant, having been called as plaintiff’s witness, identified his own ledger, which, being introduced in evidence, shows that his account with Gasquet purports to commence December 12, 1893, from which time the items thereof coincide with the latter’s account, except that Decker does not charge himself with the principal, but only with the interest thereon. Bred Frantz, a resident of Crescent City, Cal., one of the executors in that state of the last will of Horace Gasquet, deceased, testified, as plaintiff’s witness, that he found in the latter’s effects a pass
’88 “Charles Decker Ae’t.
10 — 6 1375.00)
4073.51)................................. 5448.51
Jan. 1st, ’90, 14 months interest.................... 381.39
5829.90
Charged on ae’t on deductions on his bill............ 1026.40
Balance due by Ch. Decker, Jan. 1, ’90............... 4803.50
Paid in by Ch. D., J an. 1, ’91.............. 1014.28
Bal. due Jan. 1, ’92...................... 3789.22
4803.50
Jan. 1, ’92, Bal. due by Ch. D...................... 3789.22
Condition 6% per annum.
Security, all the buildings which were deeded to my name.”
To explain this entry, plaintiff’s counsel offered in evidence the following memorandum:
“Waldo, Josephine Co., Oregon.
October 6, 1888.
“Received from H. Gasquet two drafts, No. 138 vs. Porter, Sleisinger & Co. for W. J. Wimer, sum ($1375.00) thirteen hundred and seventy five dollars.
“Also No. 139 vs. Porter, Sleisinger & Co. for G. W. Wimer, sum ($4073.51) four thousand and seventy three and 51-100 in payment of goods and buildings in Town of Waldo.
Rece’d. Oct. 6th, 1888.
Geo. W. Wimer.
To supplement the entry in the pass book, plaintiff offered in evidence a deed purporting to have been executed October 9, 1888, by Geo. W. and W. J. Wimer and their wives to Horace Gasquet, in consideration of $30,000, and conveying certain lots, stores, dwellings, barns, and other buildings; and they also offered Gasquet’s ledger, containing the charge against the defendant of $5,448.51. The defendant’s counsel having objected to the introduction of the deed, on the ground that neither of the subscribing witnesses thereto had been called, or their hand
It will be observed that the sum of the drafts specified in the receipts corresponds with the charge made on the pass book and in the ledger, and the dates also coincide. An inspection of the pass book shows that of the four debits the first was apparently made therein October 6, 1888, and the other three on the 1st day of January, 1890, 1891, and 1892. It is quite evident that these entries are not original, for when the charges therein noted are compared with the bill of particulars attached to the complaint it is found that many other items intervene, thus showing that they were not made in the usual course of the business, but are only the summaries copied from Gasquet’s ledger, relating to his account with the defendant. The entry in the pass book, though made by a person deceased, was evidently not made at or near the time of the transaction, nor was it against the interest of the person mailing it, and hence it was not admissible as primary evidence of the fact as stated: Hill’s Ann. Laws, § 767.
3. The witness Frantz having identified the day books containing Gasquet’s original entries as made by his bookkeeper, and the ledger to which the defendant’s account was transferred, the same were admitted in evidence as corroborative of the bill of particulars attached to the complaint, except that all entries relating to the note and interest thereon, the balance of the accounts as yearly ascertained, and the interest thereon, the cash advanced to Karewski and Nunan, and the checks issued in favor of Falkenstein and Levi Strauss & Co., were excluded, and plaintiff’s counsel excepted to the court’s action in these respects, and contended that errors were thereby committed. If Gasquet’s day book contained any entry in relation to the origin of or consideration for the charge made against the defendant for the sum of $5,448.51, the bill of exceptions fails to disclose it. As we understand the transcript, this sum was charged against Decker in the Gasquet ledger as a “note,” and also in his pass book, as hereinbefore stated. The day books offered in evidence have not been sent up, and, so far as apparent
While books of original entry are admissible to prove the price, sale, and delivery of articles, and the performance of labor or
Other errors are assigned, but, not considering them important, the judgment is affirmed. Affirmed.
Rehearing
On Petition for Rehearing.
delivered the opinion.
The question to be considered is whether the court erred in not receiving the testimony so offered. To avoid the presumption that higher evidence would be adverse from inferior being produced (Hill’s Ann. Laws, §776, subd. 6), a party is expected to furnish the best evidence obtainable. When primary evidence of a material fact cannot by a reasonable effort be secured, secondary evidence of the contents thereof is often admissible. Thus, the rule that there shall be no evidence of the contents of a writing other than the writing itself is subject, among others, to the following exception: “When the original cannot be produced by the party by whom the evidence is offered, in a reasonable time, with proper diligence, and its.absence is not owing to’ his neglect or default”: Hill’s Ann. Laws, §691. No precise rule can be prescribed as to what shall be considered a reasonable effort, but the party alleging the loss or'destruction of a document must show that he has in good faith exhausted in a reasonable degree all sources of information and means of discovery which the nature of the ease would suggest, and which are accessible to him: Wiseman v. Northern Pac. R. Co., 20 Or. 425 (26 Pac. 272, 23 Am. St. Rep. 135). It will be remembered that Harmon testified that the statement of account was last seen in the court house at Grants Pass, about a year prior to the trial, which was held November 20, 1899. His testimony fails to show, however, that he made any examination of the papers on file at the court house in said county, unless such fact is to be
“To amt. of note................................$5,448.51
To interest on same, 14 mo. @ 6% per annum...... 381.39”
leaving, as apparently due him, after deducting certain payments made by Decker, a remainder of $4,564.62, the interest upon which, for the year ending December 31, 1890, is $288.21. The account is balanced each year, and the new principal forms a base upon which interest is charged, as follows: 1891, $373.87; 1892, $227.35; 1893, $195.06; 1894, $182.13; 1895, $157.36,— leaving due March 1, 1896, as disclosed by Gasquet’s account, $2,908.08, but according to the defendant’s books only $382.14, for which judgment was given. The instruction complained of presents the question whether Decker’s entry in his books of the annual interest, which coincided with Gasquet’s account thereof, affords a conclusive recognition of the debt and a promise to pay the sum upon which such interest is calculated. The fact that in consequence of certain payments made by him the annual interest charge was constantly diminishing is a circumstance tending to show that he promised to pay the principal originally charged to him, and hence rendering him liable for the sum found to be due March 1, 1896, as disclosed by Gasquet’s books. While such circumstance raises an inference in favor of plaintiff’s theory of the case, we do not think it irresistibly follows that because Decker recognized the interest by annually entering in his books' a memorandum thereof he thereby in the absence of any testimony upon the subject, conclusively evidenced a promise to pay the principal upon which such interest is calculated. Interest is ordinarily an incident of and follows the principal upon which it is based, the latter being the substance and the former its shadow; but because the interest is an incident of the principal it does not irresistibly lead to the conclusion that the principal follows the interest. It would appear from Gasquet’s books that the debt with which Decker was charged was originally incurred on account of certain buildings conveyed by George W. and W. J. Wimer to Gasquet. No evi