Harland v. Person

93 Ala. 273 | Ala. | 1890

CLOPTON, J.

— The will of W. H. Person was admitted to probate, and letters testamentary granted to Alfred S. Person, in August, 1867, by the Probate Court of Colbert county. By the will, the testator devised certain designated lands to John A. Person, in trust for the use and benefit of William H. Person, a-grand-son, and devised and bequeathed certain other designated lands and his personal property to said Alfred S. Person and appellant, Sarah J. Harland, jointly. The will further provided, that Alfred S. Person and Sarah J. Harland, who was then unmarried, should jointly pay all the debts of the testator, and then pay John A. Person, in trust for said grand-son, an amount in money sufficient to make his portion equal with theirs.

. The objects of the bill, filed by Alfred S. Person in January, 1874, are, the removal of the administration of the estate from the Probate Court, and its settlement in the Chancery Court; also, to obtain a settlement of the joint cultivation, by complainant and Sarah J. Harland, of the lands devised to them jointly, during the years 1867 to 1869, inclusive, and the ascertainment of the amount of debts of the testator paid with the proceeds of the joint crops, the amount paid by each individually, and the valuation of the real and personal property, in accordance with the provisions of the will. After averring the death of the testator, the probate and provisions of his ■ will, and the appointment of complainant as executor, the bill alleges that John A. Person took possession, and has had pos- ' session of the lands devised to him in trust, since January, 1868; and that complainant and Sarah J. Harland have been in possession of the lands and personal property devised and bequeathed to them, and lived together on the lands until her marriage in January, 1870, jointly cultivating them. After her marriage the lands and personal property were divided equally between them. The bill further alleges, that debts were contracted in carrying on the farming operations and in house-keeping, which were paid out of the proceeds of the joint crops, the balance being applied to the payment of the debts of the testator; also, that complainant and Sarah J. Harland have each paid debts of the testator with their individual means, a statement of the debts paid by each being attached.

On May 16,1877, without an answer from Mrs. Harland, or a decree pro confesso, so far as the record discloses, the chancellor rendered a decree, confirming a report of the register made under a former decretal order which is not set out, and also that complainant have and recover of her the sum of $1,360.46. On October 12, 1881, this decree and.all proceedings thereunder were, by agreement of parties, set aside, the cause re-instated on the docket, and Mrs. Harland allowed thirty days in which to answer and defend. Within the time allowed, she filed a demurrer to the bill, and afterwards an answer, and a motion to dismiss the bill for want of equity. On May 19, 1888, Mrs. Harland moved the court for leave to incorporate the demurrer in her answer. If a demurrer on which no ruling is asked or obtained is,.under our statute, superseded by an answer subsequently filed, proceeding to a hearing on the demurrer, without objection taken by a motion to strike it from the files, is deemed a waiver of the irregularity. It has also been ruled that, under the statute of amendments in equity, the court is bound on application to permit the demurrer to be incorporated in the answer at any time before final decree, though a denial will not reverse the decree if the defendant is not prejudiced thereby. — Shaw v. Lindsey, 60 Ala. 344; Ruse v. Bromberg, 88 Ala. 619. Noth withstanding the refusal to allow the demurrer to be incorporated in the answer, the chancellor nevertheless considered and overruled it. This brings the merits of the demurrer fairly and fully for revision.

The main causes assigned are, the omission of the bill 'to-show any special ground for the removal of the administration into a court of chancery, and multifariousness in this, that the administration and settlement of the estate, the settlement of the accounts between the complainant and Mrs. Harland, arising from their joint farming business and house-keeping, and concerning the payment of the debts of the testator, are united in one bill. Though the concurrent jurisdiction of the Chancery and Probate Courts over the administration of estates has been repeatedly recognized, it is well settled that an administrator or executor must proceed in the Probate Court unless there exists some special equity, which the Probate Court, because of its limited jurisdiction, is incompetent to administer; and that a court of equity will not, at the instance of the personal representative, take jurisdiction of his administration, unless it affirmatively appears that the Probate Court can not afford adequate relief. — McNeill v. McNeill, 36 Ala. 109; Glenn v. Billingslea, 64 Ala. 345; Newsom v. Thornton, 66 Ala. 311. Special reasons for equitable intervention may be said to exist, when the affairs of the estate are so greatly involved that the executor can not administer it without injustice to himself or injury to the estate, except under the direction of a court of equity; or where the will, or some other. instrument connected with and affecting the- settlement of the estate, requires construction because of doubtful meaning or effect; or where testamentary trusts are created, ol which the Probate Court has no jurisdiction.

If any special ground of equitable jurisdiction affirmatively appears, it arises on the item of the will requiring complainant and Mrs. Harland to jointly pay the debts of the estate, and an amount sufficient to equalize the portions of themselves and W. H. Person. Though no express charge is created, it may be conceded that this provision of the will charges the real estate with the payment of the debts and equalization of the shares; which charge a court of equity alone has jurisdiction to enforce. — Sistrunk v. Ware, 69 Ala. 273. The will, however, directing that the devisees shall pay the debts per- . sonally, they became personally bound by accepting the devise with such directions. — Brown v. Knapp, 79 N. J. 136. The amount of the debts, so far as concerns the settlement of the estate, became material only as furnishing data from which the sum necessary to equalize the grand-son’s portion'may be ascertained; but, when ascertained, it must be enforced by suit at law against the devisees personally, or by suit in equity to charge the real estate. The payment of the debts, and the sum that may be going to the grand-son under and in accordance with this direction of the will, being a personal obligation, does not pertain to the office of executor, nor affect him as such. Whatever trusts are created by the will, do not involve executorial duties, but are personal, continuing alter the cessation of the executorship. While the Probate Court can not take cognizance of trusts the execution of which is executorial, when they do not attach to the executorial office •or character, are not within the scope of the ordinary duties of executors, it has jurisdiction, and may properly settle such matters as do pertain to thehxecutorial duties or office.--Hinson v. Williamson, 74 Ala. 180.

In Ex parte Dickson, 64 Ala. 188, the will gave Mrs. Dickson, who was the executrix, a life-estate in the residuum of the property, charged with the support and education of •the minor children, and subject to be abated at her discretion by giving off to the unmarried children, as they attained majority or married; she was also allowed to exercise a reasonable discretion and power in the management of the estate with reference to the sale of property and making investments of surplus money. The Probate Court refused to proceed with the settlement of the estate, on the ground that-it had no jurisdiction, because of the trusts created; whereupon Mrs. Dickson applied to this court for a mandamus to compel the judge to make the settlement, which was awarded. After reviewing the different provisions of the will, it is said: “We come, then, to the conclusion that, in this will, there are no trusts, the execution of which is charged on the executorial office; and it follows, that no reason is shown why the Probate Court should not entertain jurisdiction, and make the final settlement of Mi-. Dickson’s estate.” On these principles, we also come to the conclusion, that the provisions of the will in this case create no trusts which present an impediment to the exercise of jurisdiction by the Probate Court in making a final settlement of the estate, or furnish ground for removing the administration into the Chancery Court at the instance of the executor.

The bill, making appropriate averments, also seeks, as we have said, a settlement of the joint farming business, and an adjustment of the debts of the testator paid with the joint funds, and by each, complainant and Mrs. Harland, with individual funds, for the purpose of obtaining contribution for the amount of the debts paid by complainant in excess of his proportion. That there is no dependency or connection between the settlement of the administration and these accounts, and that the other devisees and legatees under the will have no •concern in this settlement, is too manifest to be questioned. They are separate matters, of a distinct nature, having no connection with each other. As to the removal and settlement of the administration, all the devisees and legatees are necessary parties; but as to the settlement of the accounts, only complainant and Mrs. Harland — the others are not even proper parties. The union of these separate and distinct matters in the bill renders it multifarious. — Seals v. Pheiffer, 77 Ala. 278; McEvoy v. Leonard, 89 Ala. 455; Sumter Co. v. Mitchell, 85 Ala. 313.

The contention of complainant, that the land was jointly cultivated, if not by express agreement, at least by tacit qnderstanding, finds support in' the preponderance of the evidence. Under the directions of the will, there was a commumunity of burden as to the payment of the debts of • the testator. By the acceptance of the devise, they became coobligors, and each surety for the other for the payment of one-half of the debts, and either paying more than one-half is entitled to contribution — equality is equity.— Owen v. McGhee, 61 Ala. 440. The voluntary division of the property, on the marriage of Mrs. Harland, does not bring the case within the general rule, that if an executor, with a knowledge of the existence of demands against the estate, makes distribution of the assets, he can not recover from a legatee, to whom he has turned over property, for his indemnity, unless he has required and obtained a refunding bond. The debts of the testator were, by the will, .imposed upon them personally and jointly.

A motion to dismiss a bill for want of equity is not the appropriate mode to reach' defects curable by amendment, and should not be entertained, when a case for relief exists, the bill being considered as properly amended. As the bill contains equity for the settlement of the joint farming operations, and in connection therewith the ascertainment of the debts paid by each individually, with the ultimate view to contribution, though it does not make a proper case for the removal of the administration into a court of chancery, and as the defect of multifariousness may be cured by amendment, the motion to dismiss for want of equity was properly overruled.

Our conclusion renders unnecessary the consideration of the exceptions to the register’s report; but for the purpose of a correct statement of the account, if the bill should be amended, it is proper to remark, that complainant should have been compelled, on his examination as a witness before the register, to state how and from whom he procured the money, which he testified to having used in paying the debts of the testator. A material inquiry was, whether they were paid with joint funds, or his individual money, and it was competent on cross-examination to inquire from what1 source he obtained the money. On another reference, should one be had, the register should be authorized to use the testimony taken on the last reference, thus saving unnecessary costs, and such other testimony as the parties may introduce, with the privilege to Mrs. Harland to cross-examine complainant as to the source from which he obtained the money used by him in paying the debts of the testator.

Reversed and remanded.