111 Va. 84 | Va. | 1910
delivered the opinion of the court.
The plaintiff’s intestate was run over and killed by a locomotive of the defendant company, which was operating a narrow gauge logging rail, or tramroad. This action was brought to recover damages therefor.
The only ground of alleged negligence which the proof tends to sustain is that the defendant company, on the night
It appears from the record, considered as on a demurrer to the evidence, that the defendant company operated a sawmill plant in Southampton county where it owned certain timber which it was converting into lumber. Its mill was located on its own property a few hundred yards from Ivor depot, a station on the Norfolk and Western Railway. From the depot to the saw-mill and from the saw-mill down into the woods, the defendant owned and operated a narrow guage rail, or tramroad, which was five or six miles in length. The road was used by the defendant company to bring logs and timber from the woods to the mill, to haul lumber to Ivor depot and tp bring supplies from the depot to the mill and to the logging camp in the woods near the mill. About twelve feet from the defendant’s railway track it had built-four or five “shacks” or “shanties.” which some of its one hundred' and twenty-five employees working at the saw-mill used as dwellings. Of those so using them was the plaintiff’s intestate. The usual and customary, if not the only direct and practicable route from these shanties to Ivor depot, where stores were located at which the defendant’s employees purchased supplies, was along and on the railway, and this fact was well known to' the defendant company. While it had no schedule for operating its locomotive and cars, the? train generally ran between the hours of seven- o’clock a. m., and six o’clock p. m.
On the day of the accident the decedent, after worldng hours, went from the mill to Ivor station, purchased some supplies and, while on his return trip, between eight and nine o’clock at night, was struck by the locomotive of the defendant, which inflicted injuries causing his death. When so struck the locomotive was being operated without a headlight, but its front end, on account of some defect, was red
If there had been a headlight, it would have lighted up the track thirty or forty yards in front of the engine.
The plaintiff’s counsel insists that under the facts disclosed by the record, the plaintiff’s intestate was not a mere licensee but an invitee. Conceding, without deciding, that this is true, what degree of care did the defendant company owe to the plaintiff’s intestate?
In the recent case of Clark v. Felhaber, 106 Va. 803, 56 S. E. 817, 13 L. R. A. (N. S.) 442, it was held that it was the duty of the owner of premises to keep them
It is not claimed that the premises upon which the plaintiff’s decedent was traveling were unsafe or dangerous in any respect except from the running of the locomotive and cars upon them. That the locomotive and cars would run upon the rail, or tramroad, was as well known to the plaintiff’s intestate as it was to the defendant company. The fact that the locomotive ivas running at the time of the accident after night, and that it seldom ran after six o’clock in the evening, was not negligence on the part of the defendant. It had the right to run its locomotive at any time. If in running at an unusual or unexpected hour on the night of the accident it had failed to exercise reasonable care to give the plaintiff’s intestate warning of that fact and of its approach, then there might be ground for claiming that it was negligent; but the uncontradicted evidence shows that while the locomotive had no headlight, its front end was red hot and could be seen on the straight line of road a mile; and that the whistle of the locomotive was blown at that distance for the station, again a quarter of a mile nearer for the crossing, then within two hundred yards and then within fifty yards of where the accident occurred. This was clearly sufficient to warn the plaintiff’s intestate of the approach of the locomotive, and if there had been a headlight it could not have been seen by him any farther than the red hot end of the locomotive. The mere failure to have a headlight, when not required by statute, cannot be considered negligence when the other means of warning the plaintiff’s intestate of the approach of the locomotive, equally efficient, were used.
But it is insisted that even if he were guilty of contributory negligence, he was entitled to recover upon the doctrine of “the last clear chance.” This contention is based upon the theory that if the defendant’s locomotive had been operated with a headlight, those in charge of the locomotive would, or in the exercise of reasonable care could, have discovered the peril of the plaintiff’s intestate and have avoided the accident.
Conceding that the accident might have been avoided if there had been a headlight, was it the duty of the defendant to operate its locomotive with a headlight when, as we have seen, the means used to warn the plaintiff’s intestate of "the approach of its locomotive was sufficient for that purpose?
The owner of premises upon which another is invited, expressly or impliedly, to come, is not an insurer of that other’s safety, and all that the invitee is entitled to demand or expect is that while exercising reasonable care for his own safety the owner of the premises will likewise use ordinary care not to expose him to danger. In order to hold the owner liable for an injury occurring on the premises, it must have been the natural and probable result of the condition of the premises, and one which, under the circumstances, he ought reasonably to have foreseen might probably occur. Clark v. Fehlhaber, supra, and authorities cited.
Considered as upon a demurrer to the evidence, we are of opinion that the plaintiff’s intestate was not entitled to recover in this case.
The action of the trial court in directing the jury to find a verdict for the defendant is assigned as error. While directing a verdict is not in accordance with the practice in this State, yet where it appears, as in this case, that no other verdict could have been properly rendered, the error was harmless, and the judgment will not be . reversed on that ground. Taylor v. B. & O. Ry Co., 108 Va. 817, 62 S. E. 798, and cases cited.
The judgment of the circuit court must be affirmed.
Affirmed.