257 Pa. 42 | Pa. | 1917
Opinion by
On the evening of August 22, 1913, James G. Hardie, and Olive M., his wife, hired an automobile with its driver, one Louis S. Chester, Jr., to convey them, with two women guests, from Sea Isle City, New Jersey, to a nearby yacht club. On the way, a collision occurred between the car in which they were riding and a one-horse express wagon belonging to the defendant company. Both Mr. Hardie and his wife were injured; they sued for damages and, by express agreement of record, their cases were tried together; the issues involved were submitted to the jury and, in each instance, the verdict favored the defendant; judgments were entered accordingly, and the plaintiffs have appealed. ■
The testimony on all the important issues was most conflicting;, but, when viewed in the light of the verdicts rendered, the following facts can be found therefrom: The accident happened on a rainy evening,
On the foregoing facts, it may be seen that the chauffeur, and not the driver of the horse and wagon, was the one guilty of the negligence which caused the accident; but the plaintiffs complain that the trial judge committed substantial error by the manner in which he submitted certain issues to; the jury. In disposing of these complaints, we shall first consider together assignments one and two.
In brief, the trial judge instructed that, if the automobile was being driven with “manifest improper speed,” or if the chauffeur had his car “manifestly on the wrong-place in the road,” and these faults, or either of them, contributed to the happening of the accident, if the plaintiffs made no effort to “get him to go at a proper rate of speed” or “over on the right side of the road,” they would be guilty of contributory negligence; but that they could not be found so guilty unless the before-men-
In reviewing these instructions, it must be kept in mind that the plaintiffs did not endeavor to excuse the fact that the chauffeur was on the wrong side of the road by explaining he was temporarily and justifiably out of the regular track; on the contrary, they called him as their witness, and each of them gave testimony to substantiate his story that, at the time of the accident and prior thereto, he had been continually driving on the proper side of the road, at a speed not exceeding 15 miles an hour, which was much lowered immediately before the collision. Both plaintiffs not only stood upon but reiterated this account of the manner in which the automobile was alleged to have been handled; and, of course, ex necessitate, it excluded the possibility of a remonstrance on their part having been made to the chauffeur, by eliminating all possible reasons therefor; moreover, the plaintiffs’ attitude at trial, in a manner, adopted, or set their seal of approval upon, the chauffeur’s real conduct, as the jury found it to be.
The rule is well established that, when possible dangers, arising out of the negligent operation of a hired vehicle or a conveyance in which one is riding as an invited guest, are manifest to a passenger, who has any adequate opportunity to control the situation, if he sits by without protest and permits himself to be driven on to his injury, this is negligence which will bar recovery. In other words, the negligence of the driver is not imputed to the passenger, but the latter is fixed with his own negligence when he joins the former in testing manifest dangers. For discussion and, in some instances, application of this rule, see Township of Crescent v. Anderson, 114 Pa. 643; Dean v. Penna. R. R. Co., 129 Pa. 514; Winner v. Oakland Township, 158 Pa. 405; Dryden v. Penna. R. R. Co., 211 Pa. 620; Thompson v. Penna. R. R. Co., 215 Pa. 113; Kunkle v. Lancaster County, 219 Pa. 52; Walsh v. Altoona & Logan Val. Elec. Ry. Co., 232 Pa.
Here, the clear, strong, preponderating evidence shows that the chauffeur was seen by numerous disinterested witnesses, some three or four blocks north from the point of the accident, driving in a reckless manner, at an estimated speed of 40 miles an hour, on the wrong side of the road, quite close to the trolley track; furthermore, the admissions of the plaintiffs show that they both were familiar with automobiles and able to appreciate the possible dangers of this highly improper course of conduct. As already indicated, since the story told by the plaintiffs, as to the management of the motor, was rejected by the jury, the position assumed by the former at trial left but one conclusion possible, i. e., that they had joined the chauffeur in testing the dangers of the situation created by the way in which the car was in fact- being driven. Under the circumstances, we see no error in the instructions complained of.
At this point it is but fair to say that the instructions in question were coupled with a correct and fair presentation of the plaintiffs’ side of the case, and the jurors were plainly told that, if they believed the plaintiff’s testimony, they should render a verdict accordingly.
One other assignment calls for consideration. There is an act of assembly in New Jersey which requires all vehicles to have lights displayed thereon during specified hours, covering the time when this accident happened; and the defendant admitted there was no light on its wagon. The trial judge directed attention to this state of affairs, and instructed the jurors that, if the absence of a light “contributed to the accident, if-that...... prevented the plaintiffs’ chauffeur from seeing the horse and wagon, that may be considered by you as an act of negligence which caused the accident;......and..,.... if ...... there was no negligence on the part of the plain
The assignments of error are overruled and the judgments affirmed.