506 N.W.2d 532 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1993
HARDGES
v.
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Dean, Dean, Segar, Hart & Shulman, P.C. (by Sherri L. Katz), and Legal Services of Eastern Michigan (by Terri L. Stangl), for the petitioner.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, and Morris J. Klau, Assistant Attorney General, for the respondent.
Before: JANSEN, P.J., and CAVANAGH and P.D. SCHAEFER,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Petitioner appeals a June 8, 1990, Genesee Circuit Court order denying her petition for attorney fees under 42 USC 1988. Petitioner alleges that because her petition was properly filed in the circuit court and because her constitutional rights had been violated in a prior agency proceeding, she must be considered a prevailing party under 42 USC 1983, thereby entitling her to fees under 42 USC 1988. We disagree and affirm.
This case appears before this Court for the second time. Previously, this Court concluded that respondents denied petitioner due process of law when they failed to give her proper notice of the reasons for termination of her food stamp privileges.[1]*26 See Hardges v Dep't of Social Services, 177 Mich. App. 698; 442 NW2d 752 (1989). On remand, petitioner filed a petition for attorney fees under 42 USC 1988. The trial court denied her request and dismissed the petition because it did not believe that petitions for review of an administrative decision were the type of "proceedings" contemplated in § 1988.
In order to be entitled to an award of attorney fees under § 1988, a party must prevail in one of the causes of action enumerated in the statute. Mitchell v Cole (After Remand), 196 Mich. App. 675, 679; 493 NW2d 427 (1992). The relevant portion of § 1988 provides:
In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of Public Law 92-318, or title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs.
One of the enumerated claims is an action to enforce rights recognized under 42 USC 1983, which states:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State... subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party *27 injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress. [42 USC 1983. Emphasis added.]
Thus, a party who prevails in an action brought to enforce the rights guaranteed under § 1983 may be awarded attorney fees under § 1988 as part of the costs.
The United States Supreme Court has limited the applicability of § 1983 to "persons" and has expressly held that a state agency is not a "person" for purposes of the statute. Howlett v Rose, 496 U.S. 356; 110 S. Ct. 2430; 110 L. Ed. 2d 332 (1990); Will v Michigan Dep't of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 66; 109 S. Ct. 2304; 105 L. Ed. 2d 45 (1989). As such, the use of "person" in the statute was not meant to create a separate cause of action against states in state courts. Id. The rationale behind the Court's decision in Will was that because the Court had previously determined that Congress did not intend to abrogate the states' Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in enacting § 1983 (see Quern v Jordan, 440 U.S. 332; 99 S. Ct. 1139; 59 L. Ed. 2d 358 [1979]), it could not be said that Congress intended to abrogate governmental immunity and create a separate cause of action against states in state courts.
While it is generally true that a state is not considered a person within the meaning of 42 USC 1983, a plaintiff may avoid Eleventh Amendment immunity (and presumably statutory immunity) where the complaint seeks only prospective injunctive relief against a state official acting in an official capacity. See Edelman v Jordan, 415 U.S. 651, 676; 94 S. Ct. 1347; 39 L. Ed. 2d 662 (1974); Ford Motor Co v Dep't of Treasury, 323 U.S. 459, 464; 65 S. Ct. 347; 89 L. Ed. 389 (1945); Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123; 28 S. Ct. 441; 52 L. Ed. 714 (1908). The *28 Supreme Court recently made it clear that the exception for prospective injunctive relief was limited to suits against state officials in their official capacities and did not apply to states as named defendants. Alabama v Pugh, 438 U.S. 781; 98 S. Ct. 3057; 57 L. Ed. 2d 1114 (1978).
In this case, the petition for review, although alleging certain violations of those rights protected under 42 USC 1983, cannot properly be classified as an action or proceeding to enforce rights protected by 42 USC 1983 because it was not against a "person" and was not a request for prospective injunctive relief against a state official acting in an official capacity. Rather, it was a petition for relief from an administrative agency action that was taken in contravention of her rights. Petitioner's attempt to convince us that the Legislature of this state sought to consent to suit under 42 USC 1983 by providing remedial methods to set aside agency decisions that are violative of rights protected under the state or federal constitutions is unpersuasive.
Petitioner admits in her brief that she need not have exhausted her administrative remedies before commencing a suit under 42 USC 1983. See Patsy v Florida Bd of Regents, 457 U.S. 496; 102 S. Ct. 2557; 73 L. Ed. 2d 172 (1982), and 42 USC 1997e. It is true that petitioner was arguably a prevailing party under § 1983 insofar as her right to due process of law is protected by the federal constitution. However, she chose to pursue the enforcement of those rights in a proceeding solely within the provisions of the Administrative Procedures Act, MCL 24.301 et seq.; MSA 3.560(201) et seq., and the Social Welfare Act, MCL 400.37; MSA *29 16.437, and did not file an action to vindicate those rights under 42 USC 1983.[2]
Inasmuch as this proceeding was a voluntary choice by petitioner to enforce her rights under Michigan law through statutory review of the administrative agency's action, it cannot be considered as one brought to enforce her rights arising under 42 USC 1983. Where, as here, a petition for review under state administrative law is filed on the basis of an agency's failure to comply with state administrative procedures, we do not believe that attorney fees under § 1988 would be appropriate. Accordingly, the trial court properly denied petitioner's request for fees under 42 USC 1988.
Affirmed.
NOTES
[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.
[1] The opinion does not specify whether respondents violated petitioner's due process rights as protected under the federal or the state constitution. While it is true that the opinion referred to federal regulations in regard to the notice requirements for termination of food stamp benefits, it appears that the Court did so only in an effort to determine what was required under the Michigan notice requirements.
[2] We are similarly unpersuaded by petitioner's argument that her reference to 42 USC 1983 in the petition constituted a sufficient pleading for an action under 42 USC 1983. In the context of petitioner's petition in the circuit court, 42 USC 1983 was merely a reason to invalidate the agency action and did not give rise to a separate action for enforcement of her rights under § 1983.
