59 Barb. 425 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1870
At the time the notice of dishonor was deposited in the post office in this city, addressed to the defendant, at his residence in Greenville, South Carolina, that State, with others, had seceded from the United States; the federal representatives therein had either' suecumbéd to the rebellious movement, or been supplanted; the political and judicial power of the federal government had been set at defiance, and' the insurgents were in actual possession of the territory embraced within the State, by force of arms. The President, under the authority conferred by the act of congress passed July 13, 1861, (12 Stat. at Large, p. 257,) had declared that the inhabitants of that State and others were in a state of insurrection against the United States, and had proclaimed that all commercial communication between the citizens of that State and others named, and the citizens of the United States, was unlawful. (Proclamation, app. No. 9, 12 Stat. at Large.) The government established by the Confederate States was one called by publicists a government defacto, but which might, perhaps, be more aptly, termed a government of paramount force, the existence of which was maintained by active military power within the territories, and against the rightful authority of an established and lawful government, and to that government, thus created, the rights and obligations of a belligerent were conceded in its military character, soon after the war began. (Per Ch. J. Chase, in Thorington v. Smith and Hartley, decided Dec. 1868, 8 Wall. 1.)
"When a war is commenced between nations, it arrests, eo instanti, all commercial intercourse and voluntary com
Ingraham, Geo. G. Barnard and Brady, Justices.]