72 Ind. 403 | Ind. | 1880
— On the 16th day of April, 1877, this .suit was comnienced by Edward Walburn, as plaintiff, against the appellants, as defendants, in the Noble Circuit Court. Afterward, at the June term, 1877, of said court, with leave
In this complaint the appellee alleged, in substance, that, at the October term, 1875, of the Noble Circuit Court, to wit, on the 19th. day of October, 1875, the appellant Mary E. Fleming, administratrix of the estate of George H. E. Fleming, deceased, recovered a judgment against the appellant, the Ligonier Toy Furniture Company, for the. sum of $575 ; that on the same day, and in the same court, the appellant Albert C. Hardenbrook also recovered a judgment against the same company .for the sum of $690.67 ; that on the same day, and in the same court, the appellants John Ebner, Charles Aldag, Andrew Cramer and August Aldag, also recovered a judgment against the same company for the sum of $160.30; thát afterward, on the 19th day of November, 1875, the said Edward Walburn became replevin bail, on the order-book of said court, on each and all of the said judgments, for the stay of execution thereon; that, at the time the said Walburn became replevin bail on said judgments, he was of unsound mind, and wholly unable, incompetent and unfit to transact business of any kind — so much so that he did not realize or know Avhat he Avas doing, or Avhat kind of an obligation Avould be imposed on him by so doing; that aftenvard, on the 20th day of April, 1876, executions were issued on each and all of said judgments, by-the clerk of said court, to the sheriff of Noble county ; that on the — day of-, 1876, the said sheriff levied each and all of said executions on the real estate of said Walburn, particularly described in the complaint, in Noble county, Indiana ; that afterward, under and by virtue of said executions, the said sheriff advertised and sold the said real estate, on the 14th day of July, 1876, to the above named
The appellants Aldrich and Gray made default, but the ■other appellants jointly demurred to the appellee’s complaint for the alleged insufficiency of the facts therein to ■constitute a cause of action. This- demurrer was overruled by the court, and to this decision the said appellants excepted. The same appellants then jointly answered in two paragraphs, of which the first paragraph was a general denial, and the second stated affirmative matters, by way of defence. The appellee’s demurrer for the want of facts to the second paragraph of the answer was sustained by the court, and to this ruling the appellants excepted. The issues joined were tried by a jury and a verdict was returned for the appellee, and the appellants’ motion for a new trial having been overruled by the court, and their exception saved to this ruling, the court rendered judgment on the verdict for the appellee, as prayed for in his complaint.
The appellants have here assigned as errors the following ■decisions of the circuit court:
1. In overruling their demurrer to appellee’s complaint;
2. In sustaining the appellee’s demurrer to the second paragraph of the appellants’ answer ; and,
We will consider and decide the several questions arising' under these alleged errors in the order of their assignment.
1. We have already given a full summary of the fact» alleged in appellee’s complaint, and it is unnecessary for us to repeat this summary, in this opinion. The original complaint in this cause was filed by and in the name of Edward Walburn, as sole plaintiff, on the 16th day of April, 1877. In that complaint, it was not alleged that the said Walburn Avas, at that time, a person of unsound mind, or that he Avas then under guardianship as such a person. It may reasonably be concluded, therefore, in the absence of any averment to the' contrary, that the said Walburn had not been found and' declared, in the proper proceeding for that purpose under-the statute, to bo a person .of unsound mind, and had not, as such person, been placed under guardianship by the-proper court, until after the commencement of this suit by the filing, as afóresaid, of his original complaint. Afterward, on the 5th day of June, 1877, being the second judicial day of tl^e June term, 1877, of the court beloAv, the record shoAvsthat the said Walburn, by his attorneys, appeared in court and made proof of the service of process in this cause on the-defendants Aldrich and Gray, and had them called and defaulted. It may be fairly assumed, therefore, that on said 5th day of June, 1877, the said Edward Walburn had not been found to be, and had not been placed under guardianship as, a person of unsound mind. On the 12th day of Juno, 1877, the said Walburn’s complaint in this cause Avasamended, “by inserting the name of Martin Y. B. Sher-Avood, guardian of said EdAvard Walburn, a person of unsound mind, as plaintiff;” and it is apparent from the record that said complaint Avas not amended in any other particular.
It Avas not alleged by the appellee, Shenvood, in said amended complaint, that the said EdAvard Walburn had been.
Indeed, wTe think that the amended complaint is founded upon the erroneous theory, that the acts of Edward Walburn, in becoming replevin bail on the several judgments described in said complaint, were absolutely void, and not merely voidable. It is settled by the decisions of this court, that the acts or deeds of a person of unsound mind, whose unsoundness of mind has not been judicially ascertained, and who is not under guai’dianship, as provided in the statute of this State, “defining who are persons of unsound mind,” etc.,' approved May 29th, 1852, are voidable merely, and not absolutely void, and are subject to ratification or disaffirmance upon the removal of the disability. 2 R. S. 1876, p. 598; Crouse v. Holman, 19 Ind. 30; Musselman v. Cravens, 47 Ind. 1; and Freed v. Brown, 55 Ind. 310. In the case at bar, it was not alleged that Walburn’s unsoundness of mind had been judicially ascertained, or that he was under
It will be observed that the allegation in the complaint, that the said Walburn was of unsound mind and wholly unable, incompetent and unfit to transact business of any kind, was limited to the precise time when he became replevin bail on the several judgments described in said complaint, to wit, to the 19th day of November, 1875. It was not alleged that, either before or after that day, he had been or was a person of unsound mind, and from that day until the 12th day of June, 1877, when the appellee filed hi's amended complaint in this cause, a period of more than eighteen months, it did not appear, nor could it be fairly inferred, from anything stated in the complaint, that the said Walburn had been of unsound mind, or unable or incompetent to transact business of any kind. For the want of such an allegation of fact as the one last referi'ed to, it seexxxs to us that the appellee’s complaiixt failed to state sufficient facts to constitute a cause of action. Under the allegations of the complaint, the contracts of Walburn ixx becoming repleviix bail, as alleged, were not absolutely void, but were merely voidable. Wray v. Chandler, 64 Ind. 146. These contracts, as we have seexx, were subject to x’atification or disaffirmaxxce by Walbux'n upoxx the removal of his disability. It can not be presumed in the appellee’s favor, in the absence of aixy allegation to that effect, either that the alleged disability of said Walbui-n was a continuing disability, or that, upoix its removal, he had xxot ratified in-any way, but had •disaffirmed, his said contracts as such repleviix bail.
We are of the “opinion, therefore, that the court erred ixx
2. In the second paragraph of their answer, the appellants alleged, in substance, that the said Fleming, Harden-brook and Ebner, Aldag, Cramer and Aldag, on the 19th day of October, 1875, recovered judgments against the Ligonier Toy Furniture Company, as stated in appellee’s complaint; that afterward, on the 25th day of October, 1875, the said several judgment plaintiffs sued out writs of execution on their said' several judgments and delivered the úsame to the sheriff of Noble county, directing him to levy the same upon the property of said company subject to execution, and to sell such property in satisfaction of said writs and judgments; that afterward, on the 19th day of November, 1875, the said Edward Walburn, with the defendants Aldrich and Gray, by their recognizance jointly ■entered upon the judgment docket in said Noble Circuit Court, became replevin bail for stay of execution upon said sevei’al judgments ; that thereupon the said writs of execution were returned by the sheriff of said county, and upon the expiration of the period of such stay, to wit, on .the 20th ■day of April, 1876, alias writs of execution were issued upon said several judgments, against the said Ligonier Toy Furniture Company and said Walburn, Aldrich and Gray, as replevin bail thereon, as provided by law, and delivered to the sheriff of said county; that, pursuant to said writs, the said sheriff on the — day of April, 1876, demanded payment thereof from said Ligonier Toy Furniture Company, and the said company refusing to pay, and having no property subject to execution, the said sheriff, after demand of payment, and refusal by the said Aldrich and Gray, and said Walburn, demanded property of each of them, and finding no property, personal or real, belonging to either of said defendants Aldrich’or Gray, the said sheriff thereupon, on the 1st day of May, 1876, demanded personal property of said
We are clearly of the opinion that the court erred in sustaining, as it did, the appellee’s demurrer to this second paragraph of the appellants’ answer. It will be observed that the appellants averred in this paragraph, as facts, the very matters which we have heretofore said, in discussing the sufficiency of the amended complaint, might be fairly assumed to be true as against the appellee. Thus, it was alleged by the appellants, in the second paragraph of their answer, that at the time the said Walburn became replevin bail on the said several judgments, he was apparently of sound mind, and not known to the appellants, or to the officer taking such replevin bail, to be otherwise, and had not been found to be otherwise in any proper proceeding instituted for that purpose. Again, the appellants alleged, in said second paragraph, that when the sheriff of said county, by virtue of the executions issued to him on the several judgments on which the said Edward Walburn had become replevin bail, demanded of him personal property to satisfy said writs, he, the said 'Walburn, denied his ownership of any such property, and directed the sheriff to levy said executions upon his real estate, described in the appellee’s complaint.
Under the statute of this State, the acts of Walburn in signing his name to the several recognizances, and in acknowledging himself replevin bail for the payment of the said several judgments, at or before the expiration of the time allowed by law for the stay of executions thereon, were something more than mere contracts to that effect on his part. In section 427' of the practice.act it is provided, that ‘ ‘Every recognizance of bail * * * shall have the effect of a judgment confessed, from the date thereof, against the person and property of the bail.” • 2 R. S. 1876, p. 203. Walburn’s recognizances of bail, referred to in appellee’s complaint, were taken by the clerk “in the discharge of the
It is certain, therefore, that neither Walburn nor the appellee, as his guardian, could lawfully obtain the relief sought for in this action until it had been shown, by the facts alleged in the complaint, that the several judgments ■confessed by Walburn, by and under his recognizances of bail, were absolutely void at law. This the complaint wholly failed to show, as we have seen, and, therefore, it follows, as it seems to us, that the -appellee’s demurrer to "the second paragraph of the answer should have been carried back and sustained by the court, not to said paragraph of answer, but to his own complaint.
The conclusions we have reached in regard to the insuffir ciency of the complaint, and the sufficiency of the second paragraph of the answer, render it wholly unnecessary for us now to consider and decide any of the questions arising under the alleged ex-ror of the coux-t ixx overruling the appellants’ motion for a íxew trial.
The judgment is reversed, at the appellee’s costs, and the •cause is x-emanded, with instructioixs to sustaiix the denxux-rer